Magnetohydrodynamics

Electromagnetic Fields: This topic covers the basic concepts of magnetic and electric fields and their interaction with charged particles in plasma.

Plasma Physics: Plasma physics explores the behavior of charged particles in a plasma state and also discusses the various types of waves that propagate through plasma.

Fluid Dynamics: A study of the fluid flow, including fluid-based equations like Bernoulli’s equation, Euler’s equation, and Navier-Stokes equations.

Plasma Waves and Instabilities: This topic discusses the different types of plasma waves that can exist in a plasma state, such as sound waves, electromagnetic waves, and plasma waves, along with the instabilities that affect the stability of plasma.

Magnetohydrodynamics: Magnetohydrodynamics is the study of the dynamics of magnetized plasma, including magnetohydrodynamics equations, which describe the behavior of magnetized fluids.

Gas Dynamics: Gas dynamics is the study of the motion of gases and deals with the macroscopic parameters of gases.

Computer Simulation: Computer simulation is an essential tool in magnetohydrodynamics to examine and predict the plasma’s behavior by using numerical techniques on a computer.

Plasma Heating: Plasma heating refers to the application of energy to plasma to achieve a high temperature and sustain its plasma state.

Fusion Plasmas: Fusion plasma is a type of plasma formed during fusion reactions where high energy is released as a result of two light nuclei reacting and fusing into a heavier one.

Magnetic Reconnection: Magnetic reconnection occurs when opposing magnetic fields interact with each other causing a release of energy, which can be seen in phenomena such as solar flares or earth’s auroras.

Particle Acceleration: Particle acceleration refers to the process in which charged particles gain energy through electromagnetic and gravitational fields.

Cosmic Plasmas: Cosmic plasma is a type of plasma state that exists in interstellar space and is an important topic in astrophysics.

Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics: This is a branch of MHD where plasma is treated as a continuous fluid with zero resistivity, and it is governed by the ideal MHD equations.

Resistive Magnetohydrodynamics: This type of MHD focuses on the behavior of plasma with finite resistivity, and it takes into account the Ohm's law to model the plasma dynamics.

Hall Magnetohydrodynamics: In this type of MHD, the Hall effect is incorporated into the equations to account for the ion motion.

Two-Fluid Magnetohydrodynamics: This approach considers the behavior of electrons and ions as separate fluids and is widely used to study ionospheric plasma and space physics.

Kinetic Magnetohydrodynamics: This MHD approach takes the kinetic nature of plasma into account by including the Boltzmann equation to model the distribution function of particles.

Extended Magnetohydrodynamics: This is an advanced version of MHD that incorporates higher-order terms and non-linearities to model the non-equilibrium and turbulent plasma.

Magnetogasdynamics: This MHD method incorporates the compressibility of plasma into the equations to model plasma dynamics under high pressure and temperature.

Magneto-elastic Waves: This is a type of MHD that focuses on the study of plasma waves that are coupled with the elastic behavior of the medium.

Magneto-acoustic Waves: In this type of MHD, the plasma waves are coupled with the acoustic waves to study the dynamics of plasma in a magnetic field.

Magnetized Collisionless Plasma: This approach focuses on magnetized plasma where the collisions between the particles are negligible, and the plasma is described using the Vlasov equation.