"The atomic nucleus is... discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment."
The central part of the atom where the protons and neutrons are located.
Atomic Structure: The basic constituents of atom, electron, neutron and proton and their properties.
Classical Physics of Nucleus: The critical discoveries that led to nuclear physics, including the discovery of radioactivity, the law of mass-energy equivalence, and the calculation of the size of the nucleus.
Nuclear Forces: The fundamental strong force that binds protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and the weak force that governs decay processes in the nucleus.
Nuclear Models: The different models of nuclei, including the liquid drop model and the shell model.
Nuclear Reactions: The interaction of nuclei with other particles and the types of nuclear reactions that can occur.
Radioactivity and Radiation: The various forms of radiation, radioactive decay, and the health hazards associated with ionizing radiation.
Nuclear Energy: The production of nuclear energy and the different types of nuclear reactors.
Nuclear Weapons: The development and destructive power of nuclear weapons.
Nuclear Medicine: The use of radiation in medicine for diagnosis and treatment.
Experimental Methods in Nuclear Physics: The techniques used to study atomic nucleus such as Mass spectrometry, Accelerators, Detectors and others.
Applications of Nuclear Physics: The wide variety of practical applications of nuclear physics, including nuclear power, nuclear fuel cycle, and nuclear medicine.
Symmetries and Conservation Laws: The role of symmetry in nuclear structure and the conservation of various nuclear quantities, such as energy, momentum, and angular momentum.
Isotopes: Isotopes are two or more atoms of a chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.
Radioisotopes: Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes that undergo radioactive decay and emit radiation.
Stable Nuclei: Stable nuclei are those that do not undergo radioactive decay and remain stable over long periods of time.
Neutron-rich nuclei: Neutron-rich nuclei are those with an excess of neutrons compared to protons. They are often unstable and can undergo beta decay.
Proton-rich nuclei: Proton-rich nuclei are those with an excess of protons compared to neutrons. They are often unstable and can undergo beta-plus decay.
Hypernuclei: Hypernuclei contain one or more hyperons, which are particles similar to protons and neutrons but with different quark content.
Drip-line nuclei: Drip-line nuclei are those that lie at the extreme edges of the nuclear chart and have extremely short half-lives.
Superheavy nuclei: Superheavy nuclei are those with atomic numbers greater than 103. They are highly unstable and can only be created in particle accelerators.
Exotic nuclei: Exotic nuclei are those that contain unusual combinations of protons and neutrons, such as proton halos or neutron skins.
Magic nuclei: Magic nuclei are those with certain numbers of protons or neutrons that make them particularly stable. These include helium-4, oxygen-16, and calcium-40.
"...consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom."
"...models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Dmitri Ivanenko and Werner Heisenberg."
"An atom is composed of a positively charged nucleus, with a cloud of negatively charged electrons surrounding it."
"Protons and neutrons are bound together to form a nucleus by the nuclear force."
"Almost all of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus..."
"The diameter of the nucleus is in the range of 1.70 fm (1.70×10−15 m) for hydrogen (the diameter of a single proton)."
"...about 11.7 fm for uranium."
"These dimensions are much smaller than the diameter of the atom itself (nucleus + electron cloud), by a factor of about 26,634..."
"The branch of physics concerned with the study and understanding of the atomic nucleus... is called nuclear physics."
"After the discovery of the neutron in 1932..."
"...models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Dmitri Ivanenko and Werner Heisenberg."
"...consisting of protons and neutrons..."
"Protons and neutrons are bound together to form a nucleus by the nuclear force."
"Almost all of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus..."
"The diameter of the nucleus is in the range of 1.70 fm (1.70×10−15 m) for hydrogen..."
"...about 11.7 fm for uranium."
"These dimensions are much smaller than the diameter of the atom itself (nucleus + electron cloud)..."
"...uranium atomic radius is about 156 pm (156×10−12 m)."
"The branch of physics concerned with the study and understanding of the atomic nucleus... is called nuclear physics."