"Molecular machines are a class of molecules typically described as an assembly of a discrete number of molecular components intended to produce mechanical movements in response to specific stimuli, mimicking macromolecular devices such as switches and motors."
It deals with the study of the physical properties and phenomena of matter at the nanoscale.
Quantum Mechanics: The study of subatomic particles such as electrons and photons, and their behavior in nanoscale materials.
Solid State Physics: The study of the properties of solids, including crystals, metals, and semiconductors, which are the building blocks of nanomaterials.
Electromagnetism: The study of electric and magnetic fields and their interactions with matter, which is important in understanding the behavior of electrons in nanoscale materials.
Materials Science: The study of the properties, behavior, and processing of materials, which is essential in designing and fabricating nanomaterials.
Surface Science: The study of the chemical and physical properties of materials at their surfaces or interfaces, which is relevant in many applications of nanomaterials, such as in catalysis and electronics.
Nanostructures: The study of the properties and behavior of materials that have dimensions in the nanometer range, which exhibit unique properties due to their small sizes.
Nanofabrication: The process of designing and producing nanoscale structures and devices, using techniques such as lithography, deposition, and etching.
Carbon Nanotubes: These are cylindrical structures made up of carbon atoms arranged in a unique pattern, which exhibit exceptional electrical and mechanical properties, making them suitable for numerous applications.
Nanoparticles: These are tiny particles with dimensions ranging from 1-100 nanometers, which exhibit unique physical, chemical, and biological properties, making them useful in various applications, such as in medicine and environmental remediation.
Nanobiotechnology: The study of the interactions between nanomaterials and biological systems, which has applications in medicine, biosensors, and drug delivery.
Molecular Nanotechnology: The design and engineering of molecular-scale devices and systems, which has the potential to revolutionize many fields such as medicine, energy, and electronics.
Nanomedicine: The use of nanotechnology for medical diagnosis, imaging, and therapy, which has the potential to improve the effectiveness and safety of treatments.
Nanoelectronics: The study of electronic devices with dimensions in the nanometer range, which has the potential to enable faster and more energy-efficient computing technologies.
Nanosensors: The development of sensors that can detect and measure properties of materials on a nanoscale, which has applications in environmental monitoring, defense, and medicine.
Nanophotonics: The study of the interaction between light and matter at the nanoscale, which has potential in fields such as telecommunications, data storage, and energy conversion.
Nanoelectronics: This field involves the study and development of electronic devices on a nanoscale, such as transistors, memory chips, and sensors.
Nanomaterials: This field involves the synthesis and characterization of materials with nanoscale dimensions, which have unique properties compared to their bulk counterparts.
Nanophotonics: This field involves the study and development of devices that manipulate light on a nanoscale, including optical fibers, LED lights, and solar cells.
Nanomechanics: This field involves the study of mechanical properties of materials on a nanoscale, such as their strength, elasticity, and deformation behavior.
Nanobiotechnology: This field involves the study and application of nanoscale materials and devices for use in biological and medical applications, such as drug delivery, imaging, and diagnostics.
Nanomagnetics: This field involves the study of magnetic properties of materials on a nanoscale, such as their magnetic moment and susceptibility, and their applications in data storage and spintronics.
Nanofluidics: This field involves the study of fluid dynamics on a nanoscale, such as the behavior of fluids in tiny channels and pores, and their applications in nanoscale devices.
Nanotribology: This field involves the study of interactions between surfaces on a nanoscale, such as friction, wear, and lubrication, and their applications in nanoscale devices and coatings.
Nanosensors: This field involves the development of sensors and detection systems that operate on a nanoscale, such as biosensors, environmental sensors, and chemical sensors.
Nanoenergy: This field involves the study and development of new energy sources and storage systems on a nanoscale, such as nanoscale batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells.
"Kinesins and ribosomes are examples of molecular machines, and they often take the form of multi-protein complexes."
"The first example of an artificial molecular machine (AMM) was reported in 1994, featuring a rotaxane with a ring and two different possible binding sites."
"In 2016 the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart, and Bernard L. Feringa for the design and synthesis of molecular machines."
"A major starting point for the design of AMMs is to exploit the existing modes of motion in molecules, such as rotation about single bonds or cis-trans isomerization."
"Different AMMs are produced by introducing various functionalities, such as the introduction of bistability to create switches."
"A wide range of applications have been demonstrated for AMMs, including those integrated into polymeric, liquid crystal, and crystalline systems for varied functions (such as materials research, homogeneous catalysis and surface chemistry)."
"Some of these include molecular motors, switches, and logic gates."
"AMMs have diversified rapidly over the past few decades, and their design principles, properties, and characterization methods have been outlined better."
"Naturally occurring or biological molecular machines are responsible for vital living processes such as DNA replication and ATP synthesis."
"Artificial molecular machines (AMMs) are designed and synthesized by scientists, while natural molecular machines exist in biological systems."
"For the last several decades, scientists have attempted, with varying degrees of success, to miniaturize machines found in the macroscopic world."
"AMMs have been integrated into polymeric, liquid crystal, and crystalline systems for varied functions, including materials research."
"The design principles, properties, and characterization methods of artificial molecular machines have been outlined better."
"A major starting point for the design of AMMs is to exploit the existing modes of motion in molecules, such as rotation about single bonds or cis-trans isomerization."
"Different AMMs are produced by introducing various functionalities, such as the introduction of bistability to create switches."
"AMMs have diversified rapidly over the past few decades."
"AMMs have been used in homogenous catalysis and surface chemistry."
"Kinesins and ribosomes are examples of molecular machines."
"Molecular machines are typically described as an assembly of molecular components intended to produce mechanical movements in response to specific stimuli, mimicking macromolecular devices such as switches and motors."