- "Nanofluidics is the study of the behavior, manipulation, and control of fluids that are confined to structures of nanometer characteristic dimensions."
Study of the behavior of fluids at the nanoscale and development of nanofluidic devices.
Nanoparticles and Nanopores: Understanding the properties of nanoparticles and their interaction with surfaces and fluids, as well as the use of nanopores in nanofluidic systems.
Fabrication Techniques: Various techniques for fabricating nanofluidic devices, including lithography, etching, and self-assembly.
Surface Forces and Fluid Mechanics: Understanding how intermolecular forces and fluid mechanics play a crucial role in nanofluidic systems.
Electrokinetics and Electrochemistry: The role of electric fields in controlling fluid flow and transport of charged species in nanofluidic systems.
Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo Simulations: Computational methods for studying nanoscale phenomena and predicting the behavior of nanofluidic systems.
Biomolecules and Biophysical Processes: The applications of nanofluidics in studying biomolecules and biophysical processes, such as DNA sequencing and protein analysis.
Sensing and Detection: The development of nanofluidic sensors for detecting small molecules and biomolecules, as well as their applications in medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.
Energy Conversion and Storage: The use of nanofluidics in energy conversion and storage, such as the development of nanofluidic batteries and fuel cells.
Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites: The synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials and their application in nanofluidic systems.
Microfluidics and Lab-on-a-Chip: The integration of nanofluidic systems with microfluidic technologies to create lab-on-a-chip devices for various applications.
Nanorobotics and Nanomachines: The development of nanorobots and nanomachines for biomedical and industrial applications, such as drug delivery and nanomanufacturing.
Safety and Ethics of Nanotechnology: The potential risks and ethical considerations associated with the use of nanofluidics and nanotechnology.
Commercialization and Entrepreneurship: The process of commercializing nanofluidic technologies and the various business models associated with nanotechnology entrepreneurship.
Future Directions and Emerging Applications: The current state-of-the-art in nanofluidics, and emerging applications in fields such as biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and energy storage.
Passive Nanofluidics: Passive nanofluidics is based on the principles of fluid mechanics and the transport of fluids through enclosed nanochannels or nanopores. In passive nanofluidics, the motion of fluids is driven by forces such as pressure, capillary forces and osmotic forces.
Active Nanofluidics: Active nanofluidics involves the use of external stimuli, such as electric fields, magnetic fields, light, temperature or chemical gradients, to manipulate fluids at the nanoscale level. In active nanofluidics, the motion of fluids is controlled by changing the properties of the fluid or the surroundings.
- "Typically 1-100 nm."
- "Fluids confined in these structures exhibit physical behaviors not observed in larger structures" and "when structures approach the size regime corresponding to molecular scaling lengths, new physical constraints are placed on the behavior of the fluid."
- "Vastly increased viscosity near the pore wall" and "they may affect changes in thermodynamic properties and may also alter the chemical reactivity of species at the fluid-solid interface."
- "In pores of nanometer dimensions, the electrical double layer may completely span the width of the nanopore, resulting in dramatic changes in the composition of the fluid and the related properties of fluid motion in the structure."
- "All electrified interfaces induce an organized charge distribution near the surface known as the electrical double layer."
- "The drastically enhanced surface-to-volume ratio of the pore results in a preponderance of counter-ions over co-ions, in many cases to the near-complete exclusion of co-ions, such that only one ionic species exists in the pore."
- "Nanocapillary array membrane (NCAM)"
- "The characteristic physical scaling lengths of the fluid very closely coincide with the dimensions of the nanostructure itself."
- "Characteristic physical scaling length of the fluid."
- "Characteristic physical scaling length of the fluid."
- "They may alter the chemical reactivity of species at the fluid-solid interface."
- "This can be used for manipulation of species with selective polarity along the pore length to achieve unusual fluidic manipulation schemes not possible in micrometer and larger structures."
- "Typically 1-100 nm."
- "Fluids confined in these structures exhibit physical behaviors not observed in larger structures" and "when structures approach the size regime corresponding to molecular scaling lengths, new physical constraints are placed on the behavior of the fluid."
- "In pores of nanometer dimensions, the electrical double layer may completely span the width of the nanopore, resulting in dramatic changes in the composition of the fluid and the related properties of fluid motion in the structure."
- "The drastically enhanced surface-to-volume ratio of the pore results in a preponderance of counter-ions over co-ions, in many cases to the near-complete exclusion of co-ions, such that only one ionic species exists in the pore."
- "The study of the behavior, manipulation, and control of fluids that are confined to structures of nanometer characteristic dimensions."
- "Surface charges induce an organized charge distribution near the surface known as the electrical double layer."
- "Fluids confined in these structures exhibit physical behaviors not observed in larger structures."