"In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework combining classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics."
The theoretical framework that combines quantum mechanics and special relativity to describe the behavior of particles and fields at a small scale.
Special Relativity: The study of the behavior of space and time in the absence of gravity.
Quantum Mechanics: The study of the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level.
Classical Field Theory: The study of physical fields like electromagnetism and their behavior in classical physics.
Classical Mechanics: The study of the motion of bodies in the absence of quantum effects.
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formalisms: Tools used to analyze the dynamical behavior of physical systems.
Path Integral Formulation: A way of characterizing the probabilistic behavior of quantum systems.
Gauge Symmetry: A property of physical systems that give rise to gauge fields like the electromagnetic field.
Quantum Field Theory: A theoretical framework that combines the principles of quantum mechanics and special relativity to describe the behavior of particles and fields at the atomic and subatomic level.
Quantum Electrodynamics: A quantum field theory that explains how charged particles interact with the electromagnetic field.
Quantum Chromodynamics: A quantum field theory that explains how quarks and gluons interact with the strong force.
Standard Model of Particle Physics: The current theory that describes the behavior of all known particles and their interactions, including quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics, and the weak force.
Feynman Diagrams: A pictorial representation of the behavior of particles in quantum field theory.
Renormalization: A technique used in quantum field theory to remove infinite values from physical calculations.
Symmetry Breaking: A phenomenon where physical systems lose some symmetries due to external factors.
Higgs Mechanism: A theory that explains how gauge bosons acquire mass in the presence of a Higgs field.
Grand Unified Theories: Theories that attempt to unify all known fundamental interactions into a single framework.
Quantum Gravity: A theoretical framework that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity to describe the behavior of gravity at the subatomic level.
Quantum Electrodynamics (QED): QED is a relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. It describes the interactions between particles that carry electromagnetic charge, such as electrons and photons.
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD): QCD is a relativistic quantum field theory that describes the interactions between particles that carry the strong nuclear force, such as quarks and gluons.
Quantum Fluctuation Electrodynamics (QFED): QFED is a theory that describes the interactions between photons and matter, taking into account the effects of quantum fluctuations.
Quantum Field Theory of Gravity (QFTG): QFTG is a theoretical framework that seeks to describe gravity in terms of a quantum mechanical field.
Quantum Field Theory of the Standard Model (QFTSM): QFTSM is a theoretical framework that describes the interactions between particles that are predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics.
String Theory: String theory is a theoretical framework that describes the fundamental particles and forces of nature in terms of one-dimensional "strings" that vibrate at different frequencies.
Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG): LQG is a theoretical framework that seeks to describe gravity in terms of loops.
Conformal Quantum Field Theory (CQFT): CQFT is a type of quantum field theory that is invariant under conformal transformations.
Supersymmetric Quantum Field Theory (SUSY QFT): SUSY QFT is a type of theory that postulates the existence of supersymmetry: A symmetry between fermions and bosons.
Topological Quantum Field Theory (TQFT): TQFT is a type of quantum field theory that is concerned with the topology of space, as opposed to the geometry.
Non-Commutative Quantum Field Theory (NCQFT): NCQFT is a type of quantum field theory in which the position and momentum of particles are not necessarily commutative (or interchangeable).
Holographic Dualities: Holographic Dualities are a set of mathematical relationships that relate a theory in one dimension to a completely different theory in another.
"QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles."
"QFT is used in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles."
"QFT treats particles as excited states (also called quanta) of their underlying quantum fields."
"Quantum fields, which are more fundamental than the particles."
"The equation of motion of the particle is determined by minimization of the action computed for the Lagrangian."
"The Lagrangian is a functional of fields associated with the particle."
"Interactions between particles are described by interaction terms in the Lagrangian involving their corresponding quantum fields."
"Each interaction can be visually represented by Feynman diagrams."
"According to perturbation theory in quantum mechanics."
"A theoretical framework combining classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics."
"Quantum fields are more fundamental than the particles."
"The equation of motion of the particle is determined by minimization of the action computed for the Lagrangian."
"Interactions between particles are described by interaction terms in the Lagrangian involving their corresponding quantum fields."
"Each interaction can be visually represented by Feynman diagrams."
"QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles."
"QFT is used in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles."
"Particles are treated as excited states (quanta) of quantum fields."
"The minimization of the action computed for the Lagrangian."
"Interactions between particles manifest as interaction terms in the Lagrangian."