- "Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles."
The study of the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level.
Wave-particle duality: The fundamental concept that a particle can have both wave and particle-like behavior.
Uncertainty principle: The principle that you cannot measure both the position and momentum of a particle with absolute precision.
Schrödinger equation: The equation that describes the evolution of a quantum mechanical system over time.
Superposition principle: The principle that two or more quantum states can be added together to form a new state.
Entanglement: The phenomenon where two or more particles can be correlated in such a way that the state of one particle affects the state of the other particle, even when distant from each other.
Quantum field theory: The theoretical framework for describing the behavior of particles and fields in quantum mechanics.
Quantum computing: The field of computer science that uses quantum mechanical phenomena to perform computations.
Quantum teleportation: A process where the quantum state of one particle is transferred to another particle without physically sending the particle itself.
Quantum mechanics of atoms and molecules: The branch of quantum mechanics that deals with the behavior of atoms and molecules.
Quantum mechanics of solid state physics: The branch of quantum mechanics that deals with the behavior of electrons in solids and other materials.
Quantum chromodynamics: The theory of the strong nuclear force that holds quarks together in protons and neutrons.
Quantum electrodynamics: The theory of the electromagnetic force that holds atoms and molecules together.
Quantum gravity: The theory that combines quantum mechanics with the theory of general relativity to describe the behavior of gravity at a quantum mechanical level.
Quantum optics: The study of the behavior of light at a quantum mechanical level.
Particle physics: The study of the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe.
High-energy physics: The study of the behavior of particles at very high energies, usually in particle accelerators.
Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics: It describes the behavior of particles that are not moving close to the speed of light and which do not experience strong gravitational fields.
Relativistic quantum mechanics: It is an extensive study of how quantum mechanics and special relativity interact. It is used to describe the behavior of particles traveling at very high speeds or interacting in high-energy environments.
Quantum field theory: It is a theoretical framework used to describe the behavior of fields that are subject to quantum mechanics.
Quantum electrodynamics (QED): It is a particular form of interaction between matter and electromagnetic fields that is formulated within the framework of quantum mechanics.
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD): It is a theory that describes the strong nuclear force that holds particles together in atomic nuclei.
Quantum gravity: This type of Quantum Mechanics studies the interactions of elementary particles with curved spacetime described by general relativity.
String theory and M-theory: Some theoretical physicists work on string theory and M-theory: Theoretical frameworks that involve a unification of general relativity and quantum mechanics.
Quantum information theory: It is concerned with the use of quantum mechanics to describe and manipulate information.
Topological quantum field theory: It is a mathematical framework used to study quantum mechanics in high dimensions.
Conformal field theory: It is a mathematical framework used to study the symmetries of quantum systems.
- "It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science."
- "Quantum mechanics differs from classical physics in that energy, momentum, angular momentum, and other quantities of a bound system are restricted to discrete values (quantization); objects have characteristics of both particles and waves (wave-particle duality); and there are limits to how accurately the value of a physical quantity can be predicted prior to its measurement, given a complete set of initial conditions (the uncertainty principle)."
- "Quantum mechanics arose gradually from theories to explain observations that could not be reconciled with classical physics, such as Max Planck's solution in 1900 to the black-body radiation problem, and the correspondence between energy and frequency in Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, which explained the photoelectric effect."
- "These early attempts to understand microscopic phenomena, now known as the 'old quantum theory,' led to the full development of quantum mechanics in the mid-1920s by Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, Paul Dirac, and others."
- "In one of them, a mathematical entity called the wave function provides information, in the form of probability amplitudes, about what measurements of a particle's energy, momentum, and other physical properties may yield."
- "Objects have characteristics of both particles and waves (wave-particle duality)."
- "Most theories in classical physics can be derived from quantum mechanics as an approximation valid at large (macroscopic) scale."
- "Max Planck's solution in 1900 to the black-body radiation problem."
- "Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, which explained the photoelectric effect."
- "There are limits to how accurately the value of a physical quantity can be predicted prior to its measurement, given a complete set of initial conditions (the uncertainty principle)."
- "Quantum mechanics is the foundation of all quantum physics."
- "Energy, momentum, angular momentum, and other quantities of a bound system are restricted to discrete values (quantization)."
- "These early attempts to understand microscopic phenomena, now known as the 'old quantum theory.'"
- "Classical physics describes many aspects of nature at an ordinary (macroscopic) scale."
- "The modern theory is formulated in various specially developed mathematical formalisms."
- "Quantum mechanics provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles."
- "Quantum mechanics is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science."
- "The wave function provides information, in the form of probability amplitudes, about what measurements of a particle's energy, momentum, and other physical properties may yield."
- "The old quantum theory led to the full development of quantum mechanics in the mid-1920s by Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, Paul Dirac, and others."