"In fluid dynamics, laminar flow () is characterized by fluid particles following smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing."
Refers to fluid flow that is characterized by smooth, parallel layers of fluid with no mixing between layers.
Fluid properties: Characteristic properties of fluids like density, viscosity, and pressure.
Continuity equation: Describes the conservation of mass in fluid flow.
Bernoulli's equation: Describes the relationship between fluid pressure and fluid velocity in laminar flow.
Reynolds number: Dimensionless parameter that predicts whether the flow will be laminar or turbulent.
Navier-Stokes equations: Describes the relationships between fluid flow, the pressure gradient, and external forces.
Boundary layer: The layer of a fluid near a surface where the velocity of the fluid changes from zero to the free stream velocity.
Stokes flow: A type of laminar flow where inertia is negligible, and the velocity gradient is significantly low.
Laminar flow over flat plates and cylinders: Flow patterns over flat plates and cylindrical surfaces that help understand the effects of viscosity and inertia.
Poiseuille's Law: Describes the laminar flow of fluids under pressure inside a circular tube.
Aerodynamics: The study of the motion and flow of air over solid bodies and aircraft, which often involves laminar flow.
Hydrodynamics: The study of the motion and flow of liquid, which also involves laminar flow.
Computational Fluid Dynamics: The process of using computer algorithms to solve fluid flow problems.
Turbulence: The chaotic, unpredictable, and unsteady flow of fluid that often exists after a critical Reynolds number.
Drag force: The force that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid.
Lift force: The force that lifts an object in a fluid against gravity, often used in aerodynamics.
Poiseuille flow: This is a type of laminar flow where a fluid moves between two parallel stationary plates. The velocity of the fluid is maximum at the center of the channel and is zero at the plates.
Couette flow: In this type of laminar flow, two parallel plates move relative to each other causing the fluid in between to move in a straight line.
Hagen-Poiseuille flow: This is similar to Poiseuille flow, but with the inclusion of gravity. The fluid will flow through a tube in response to the pressure of the fluid at the top of the tube.
Blasius flow: This is a type of laminar flow over a flat plate with zero pressure gradient. This type of flow is commonly found over the horizontal surfaces of aircrafts.
Plane Poiseuille flow: This is a type of laminar flow where a fluid flows between two stationary parallel plates, with a constant pressure gradient acting in the direction of the flow.
Taylor-Couette flow: In this type of flow, one cylinder is rotating while the other cylinder is stationary – the fluid is enclosed between these cylinders and a flow motion is generated.
Transitional flow: This is a type of fluid flow where the behavior is between laminar and turbulent flow, where the velocity of the fluid would fluctuate with time.
"At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards."
"In laminar flow, the motion of the particles of the fluid is very orderly with particles close to a solid surface moving in straight lines parallel to that surface."
"Laminar flow occurs at lower velocities, below a threshold at which the flow becomes turbulent."
"Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection."
"The threshold velocity is determined by a dimensionless parameter characterizing the flow called the Reynolds number, which also depends on the viscosity and density of the fluid and dimensions of the channel."
"At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing."
"Below a threshold at which the flow becomes turbulent."
"Turbulent flow is a less orderly flow regime that is characterized by eddies or small packets of fluid particles, which result in lateral mixing."
"Laminar flow is smooth, while turbulent flow is rough."
"Either of two types of flow may occur depending on the velocity and viscosity of the fluid."
"Each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing."
"There are no cross-currents perpendicular to the direction of flow."
"Adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards."
"The threshold velocity is determined by a dimensionless parameter characterizing the flow called the Reynolds number, which also depends on the viscosity and density of the fluid and dimensions of the channel."
"Particles close to a solid surface moving in straight lines parallel to that surface."
"The motion of the particles of the fluid is very orderly."
"Laminar flow tends to flow without lateral mixing, while turbulent flow is characterized by eddies or small packets of fluid particles, which result in lateral mixing."
"The flow regime depends on the velocity and viscosity of the fluid."
"Laminar flow is smooth."