Quote: "In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of waves of the electromagnetic (EM) field, which propagate through space and carry momentum and electromagnetic radiant energy."
- Practical uses of electromagnetic radiation in technology and science.
Electromagnetic spectrum: This is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, classifying them by wavelength and frequency.
Propagation of electromagnetic waves: The movement of electromagnetic waves through space.
Maxwell's equations: A set of four mathematical equations that describe the behavior and interaction of electric and magnetic fields.
Polarization of electromagnetic waves: Describes the direction of the electric field in a wave as it moves through space.
Reflection of electromagnetic waves: The mirror-like return of a wave from a surface.
Refraction of electromagnetic waves: The bending of a wave as it moves from one medium to another.
Absorption of electromagnetic radiation: The ability of matter to absorb specific wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.
Scattering of electromagnetic radiation: The process by which a wave is redirected in different directions by small particles in its path.
Doppler effect: The perceived shift in frequency of a wave due to the motion of the source or observer.
Antennas: Devices used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation.
Radiation sources: Various types of radiation sources including lasers, radio waves, microwaves, and x-rays.
Medical applications of electromagnetic radiation: Medical imaging techniques like X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs that use electromagnetic radiation.
Spectroscopy: Study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter.
Communication applications: How electromagnetic radiation is used for wireless communication.
Remote sensing: Using electromagnetic radiation to obtain information about objects or areas from a distance.
Industrial and scientific applications: Applications of electromagnetic radiation in industry and scientific research.
Environmental and atmospheric applications: How the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the environment and atmosphere is studied.
Electromagnetic interference: Unwanted radio frequency signals that interfere with electronic devices.
Electromagnetic compatibility: The ability of electronic devices to function properly in the presence of electromagnetic interference.
Safety considerations: The effects of excessive electromagnetic radiation exposure on human health.
Communication: Electromagnetic radiation is used for communication purposes, such as radio waves for broadcasting, microwaves for mobile communication, and optical fibers for high-speed internet.
Medical Imaging: Electromagnetic radiation is used in various medical imaging techniques, such as X-Rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound.
Remote Sensing: Remote sensing is the process of gathering information about the Earth's surface without physically being there. This is done using electromagnetic radiation, such as radar, lidar, and satellite imaging.
Astronomy: Electromagnetic radiation is used in astronomical studies to study stars, planets, and other celestial bodies. This includes radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays.
Industrial Manufacturing: Electromagnetic radiation is used in various industrial processes, such as metal processing, welding, and heat treatment.
Material Analysis: Electromagnetic radiation is used to analyze the properties of various materials, such as their composition, structure, and properties. This includes techniques like X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy.
Energy: Electromagnetic radiation is used to generate, transmit and use electricity in various forms such as thermal energy, light, and mechanical energy.
Defense: Electromagnetic radiation is used for military applications like electronic countermeasures, radar, and various types of communication technologies.
Agriculture: Electromagnetic radiation is used in various agricultural practices such as crop growth stimulation and crop yield estimates.
Environmental monitoring: Electromagnetic radiation is used in studying and monitoring various environmental factors, such as climate change, geological and catalysis of environmental resources.
Quote: "Types of EMR include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays."
Quote: "In a vacuum, electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light, commonly denoted c."
Quote: "In homogeneous, isotropic media, the oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, forming a transverse wave."
Quote: "The position of an electromagnetic wave within the electromagnetic spectrum can be characterized by either its frequency of oscillation or its wavelength."
Quote: "In order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays."
Quote: "Electromagnetic waves are emitted by electrically charged particles undergoing acceleration."
Quote: "EM waves carry energy, momentum and angular momentum away from their source particle and can impart those quantities to matter with which they interact."
Quote: "EMR is sometimes referred to as the far field, as it is associated with those EM waves that are free to propagate themselves ('radiate') without the continuing influence of the moving charges that produced them."
Quote: "In this language, the near field refers to EM fields near the charges and current that directly produced them, specifically electromagnetic induction and electrostatic induction phenomena."
Quote: "In quantum mechanics, an alternate way of viewing EMR is that it consists of photons, uncharged elementary particles with zero rest mass which are the quanta of the electromagnetic field, responsible for all electromagnetic interactions."
Quote: "Quantum electrodynamics is the theory of how EMR interacts with matter on an atomic level."
Quote: "Quantum effects provide additional sources of EMR, such as the transition of electrons to lower energy levels in an atom and black-body radiation."
Quote: "The energy of an individual photon is quantized and is greater for photons of higher frequency. This relationship is given by Planck's equation E = hf."
Quote: "A single gamma ray photon, for example, might carry ~100,000 times the energy of a single photon of visible light."
Quote: "The effects of EMR upon chemical compounds and biological organisms depend both upon the radiation's power and its frequency."
Quote: "EMR of visible or lower frequencies (i.e., visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves) is called non-ionizing radiation."
Quote: "The effects of these radiations on chemical systems and living tissue are caused primarily by heating effects from the combined energy transfer of many photons."
Quote: "High frequency ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays are called ionizing radiation since individual photons of such high frequency have enough energy to ionize molecules or break chemical bonds."
Quote: "These radiations have the ability to cause chemical reactions and damage living cells beyond that resulting from simple heating, and can be a health hazard."