This is a subfield that studies the role of subatomic particles in the structure and evolution of the universe.
Big Bang Theory: It is the accepted model for the origin and evolution of the universe. It explains the early history of the universe from the first moment to the present.
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation: It is a form of electromagnetic radiation that was left over from the early universe after the Big Bang. It is one of the strongest observational pieces of evidence in support of the Big Bang Theory.
Dark Matter: It is a type of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, and is invisible to all electromagnetic radiation. It is believed to make up a significant part of the universe's total mass.
Dark Energy: It is a hypothetical form of energy that is proposed to explain the accelerating expansion of the universe. It is thought to make up about 68% of the total energy density of the universe.
Inflationary Cosmology: It is a theory that proposes that the universe underwent a period of extremely rapid expansion in the first few milliseconds after the Big Bang, which accounts for many of the observed features of the universe.
Baryogenesis: It is the process by which the universe achieved an excess of matter over antimatter after the Big Bang, which allowed the formation of galaxies and stars.
Neutrinos: They are subatomic particles that are extremely difficult to detect, but are believed to play a crucial role in the early universe.
Gravitational Waves: They are ripples in the fabric of spacetime that are emitted by accelerating objects, such as binary black holes or neutron stars.
Cosmic Rays: They are high-energy particles that originate from outside the solar system and can have a significant impact on the Earth's atmosphere.
Black Holes: They are regions of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. They are believed to play a key role in the formation and evolution of galaxies.
Large Scale Structure: It refers to the distribution of matter on the largest scales in the universe, including clusters and superclusters of galaxies.
Reionization: It is the process by which the neutral hydrogen gas in the early universe was ionized by the first stars and galaxies, leading to the transparency of the universe to light.
Particle Physics: It is the study of the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe, including the Standard Model of particle physics and beyond.
Quantum Field Theory: It is a theoretical framework for describing the behavior of particles and their interactions in terms of fields, such as the electromagnetic field, the Higgs field, etc.
Supersymmetry: It is a theoretical framework that proposes the existence of a new symmetry between fermions and bosons, which could explain many of the observed features of particle physics and cosmology.
String Theory: It is a theoretical framework that proposes that the fundamental building blocks of the universe are not particles, but one-dimensional objects called strings.
Higher Dimensions: It is a theoretical framework that proposes the existence of extra dimensions beyond the three spatial dimensions and one time dimension that we observe. These extra dimensions could play a key role in explaining many of the mysteries of the universe.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: This is the study of how the chemical elements formed in the early universe during the first few minutes after the Big Bang.
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): This is the study of the afterglow of the Big Bang, also known as the CMB radiation. It is used to study the early universe and its evolution, as well as to test theories of the universe's origin.
Dark Matter: This is the study of the unknown matter in the universe that cannot be detected directly via electromagnetic radiation.
Dark Energy: This is the study of the mysterious force that is accelerating the expansion of the universe.
Inflationary Cosmology: This is the study of the rapid, exponential expansion of the universe that occurred at the beginning of the universe.
High-energy Astrophysics: This is the study of the most energetic events in the universe, such as supernovae, gamma ray bursts, and black holes.
Neutrino Cosmology: This is the study of the properties of neutrinos, which are subatomic particles that can help us understand the early universe.
Beyond the Standard Model Physics: This is the study of physics beyond the currently accepted Standard Model of particle physics, which does not currently account for a number of phenomena in the universe.
Quantum Gravity: This is the study of the unification of quantum mechanics and general relativity, which may be necessary to understand the early universe.
Experimental Cosmology: This is the study of the design and analysis of experiments to test theories of the universe's origins and evolution.