"Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases."
Examines the properties of surfaces and interfaces of materials, which play a critical role in determining the behavior of materials on a larger scale.
Crystallography: The study of the internal arrangements of atoms and molecules in crystals.
Symmetry and group theory: The study of the symmetry of crystals and other structures.
Electronic structure theory: The study of the electronic properties of materials.
Spectroscopy: The study of the interaction of light with matter, used to determine the properties of materials.
Surface characterization techniques: Techniques used to measure the properties of surfaces, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.
Surface chemical reactions: The study of chemical reactions that occur at the interface between a material and a gas or liquid.
Surface adsorption: The study of the adsorption of atoms and molecules onto surfaces.
Surface diffusion: The study of the movement of atoms and molecules on the surface of a material.
Catalysis: The study of the role of surfaces in the acceleration of chemical reactions.
Surface plasmons: The collective oscillations of electrons on a metal surface, used in a variety of applications including sensing and spectroscopy.
Nanoparticles: The study of the properties of materials at the nanoscale, often involving surfaces and interfaces.
Surface tension: The force that acts on the surface of a liquid and allows it to minimize its surface area.
Wetting: The study of how liquids interact with surfaces, including contact angle and surface energy.
Friction: The study of the resistance to motion between two surfaces in contact.
Tribology: The study of interacting surfaces in relative motion, including friction, wear, and lubrication.
Surface chemistry: A subfield of condensed matter physics focused on the chemical reactions and interactions between the surface of a material and its environment.
Surface structure: The study of the arrangement of atoms and molecules on the surface of a material.
Surface morphology: The physical appearance and features of the surface of a material, including roughness, smoothness, and topography.
Surface electronic properties: The behavior and properties of electrons and electronic states within the surface region of a material.
Surface optical properties: The interaction of light with the surface of a material, including reflection, transmission, and absorption.
Surface magnetism: The study of magnetic properties of surfaces and how they relate to electronic and atomic structure.
Surface transport: The study of the diffusion and transport of atoms and molecules across the surface of a material.
Surface growth: The study of how surfaces of materials grow and evolve over time, including crystal growth and thin film deposition.
Surface dynamics: The study of how surface atoms and molecules move and rearrange in response to external stimuli or environmental changes.
Surface adhesion and friction: The study of forces that hold surfaces together, including friction and adhesion, which are critical in many technological applications.
"...including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces."
"It includes the fields of surface chemistry and surface physics."
"Some related practical applications are classed as surface engineering."
"The science encompasses concepts such as heterogeneous catalysis, semiconductor device fabrication, fuel cells, self-assembled monolayers, and adhesives."
"Surface science is closely related to interface and colloid science."
"Interfacial chemistry and physics are common subjects for both."
"The methods are different."
"Interface and colloid science studies macroscopic phenomena that occur in heterogeneous systems due to peculiarities of interfaces." Unfortunately, there are only nine questions that can be derived from the paragraph provided.