"A phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, specifically in solids and some liquids."
The quantization of the vibrational energy of atoms within a crystal lattice.
Crystal structure: Understanding the arrangement of atoms in a crystal structure is essential to understanding Lattice vibrations.
Phonons: Phonons are quanta of lattice vibrations, and they play a crucial role in understanding the physical properties of crystals.
Elasticity theory: Elasticity theory is relevant in studying lattice vibrations as it involves the study of the deformation of crystals under different conditions.
Normal modes of vibration: These are the modes of vibration that result from the superposition of atomic vibrations in a crystal.
Thermal properties: Thermal properties such as specific heat, thermal conductivity, and temperature dependence of the heat capacity, are closely related to lattice vibrations.
Quantum mechanics of solids: Quantum Mechanics is important in the study of lattice vibrations as it enables us to study the behavior of electrons and their relationship to lattice vibrations.
Raman Spectroscopy: This is a non-destructive technique, which helps in identifying the vibrational modes of the lattice in a crystal.
Neutron Scattering: Neutron Scattering is useful in studying lattice vibrations as it provides information on the distribution of atoms in a crystal.
X-Ray Diffraction: X-Ray Diffraction Techniques are useful in studying lattice vibrations as they are capable of providing information about the spacing between atoms in a crystal.
Crystal Symmetry: The symmetry of a crystal is essential to the study of lattice vibrations as it influences the distribution of atoms in a crystal and their vibrational modes.
Longitudinal Acoustic (LA) Vibrations: These vibrations involve compression and expansion of the material along the direction of the applied force.
Transverse Acoustic (TA) Vibrations: These involve vibrations in which the direction of the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of the applied force.
Longitudinal Optical (LO) Vibrations: These involve vibrations in which the direction of the oscillation is along the direction of the electric field of the oscillating atoms.
Transverse Optical (TO) Vibrations: These involve vibrations in which the direction of the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of the electric field of the oscillating atoms.
Acoustical-Optical (AO) Mode: These vibrations are a combination of both acoustic and optical phonons.
Polar Vibrations: Polar vibrations occur when the vibration of the lattice involves the motion of atoms with polarizability, i.e. atoms with electron shells that can develop dipole moments.
Magnetic Vibrations: These are vibrations that are related to the interactions between the magnetic moments of atoms in a material.
Local Vibrations: These involve vibrations of atoms that are confined to a small region or defect within the lattice.
Surface Vibrations: These are vibrations that occur specifically at the surface of a material due to the altered acoustic properties of the material at the surface.
Phonon-Plasmon Coupling: This is a hybrid mode vibration that arises from the interaction of phonons with plasmons, which are collective excitations of electrons in a material.
"Phonons occur in condensed matter, specifically in solids and some liquids."
"A phonon is a type of quasiparticle, an excited state in the quantum mechanical quantization of the modes of vibrations for elastic structures of interacting particles."
"Phonons, being quasiparticles, are an emergent phenomenon. However, photons are fundamental particles that can be individually detected."
"The study of phonons is an important part of condensed matter physics."
"They play a major role in many of the physical properties of condensed matter systems, such as thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity."
"The concept of phonons was introduced in 1932 by Soviet physicist Igor Tamm."
"The name phonon comes from the Greek word φωνή (phonē), which translates to sound or voice."
"The name is analogous to the word photon representing wave-particle duality for sound waves."
"A phonon is an excited state in the quantum mechanical quantization of the modes of vibrations for elastic structures of interacting particles."
"Phonons can be thought of as quantized sound waves."
"Phonons occur in solids and some liquids."
"Phonons play a major role in many of the physical properties of condensed matter systems, such as thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity."
"They are involved in models of neutron scattering and related effects."
"Phonons, being quasiparticles, are an emergent phenomenon. However, photons are fundamental particles that can be individually detected."
"The name phonon comes from the Greek word φωνή (phonē), which translates to sound or voice."
"Long-wavelength phonons give rise to sound."
"Phonons play a major role in thermal conductivity."
"The study of phonons is an important part of condensed matter physics."
"Phonons can be thought of as quantized sound waves, similar to photons as quantized light waves."