"In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids—liquids and gases."
Fluid dynamics is the study of the motion of fluids and is used in computational physics to model the behavior of liquids and gases.
Basic concepts of fluid mechanics: This includes the properties of fluids, types of fluids and basic principles of fluid flow.
Continuum mechanics: Continuum mechanics deals with the mechanics of continuous media, such as fluids and solids.
Newtonian fluids: Newtonian fluids are the most commonly encountered type of fluids in everyday life. They exhibit a linear relationship between the rate of deformation and the shear stress.
Non-Newtonian fluids: Non-Newtonian fluids exhibit a nonlinear relationship between the rate of deformation and the shear stress. Examples include plastics, paints, and blood.
Compressible and incompressible flows: This refers to the behavior of fluid when it is subjected to pressure changes. Incompressible fluids like water maintain a constant density whereas compressible fluids can undergo significant changes in density.
Navier-Stokes equations: The Navier-Stokes equations describe the motion of fluids. They are the governing equations of fluid dynamics and are used to solve problems in fluid mechanics.
Computational fluid dynamics: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) involves the use of numerical methods and algorithms to solve fluid flow problems.
Boundary conditions: Boundary conditions are the conditions specified at the boundaries of a domain that define the behavior of the fluid.
Turbulence models: Turbulence in fluids is characterized by unsteady, chaotic flow patterns. Turbulence models aim to predict the behavior of turbulent flow.
Multiphase flow: Multiphase flow involves the simultaneous flow of more than one fluid, such as gas-liquid flows, liquid-solid flows, etc.
Heat and mass transfer: This refers to the transfer of heat and mass between fluids, surfaces, and the environment.
Fluid-structure interactions: Fluid-structure interactions involve the interaction between liquids and solids, where the deformation of the solid object affects the fluid flow and vice versa.
Numerical methods: A variety of numerical methods, such as finite difference, finite element, and finite volume methods are used to solve fluid flow problems.
Grid generation: Grid generation involves the creation of a computational mesh that is used to discretize the fluid flow domain.
Validation and verification: Validation involves comparing the numerical results with experimental data, while verification involves ensuring the accuracy and correctness of the numerical method.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD): It involves the use of numerical methods, algorithms, and software tools to solve and analyze complex fluid flow problems.
Incompressible Fluid Dynamics: This type considers fluids with constant density, such as water and oils, and their interactions with solid boundaries under constant pressure.
Compressible Fluid Dynamics: It involves fluids that experience changes in density and pressure, such as air and gases, which vary with velocity and temperature.
Hydrodynamics: This type focuses on the study of fluids in motion and their physical properties, including pressure, viscosity, and flow rate.
Aerodynamics: It deals with the study of gases in motion, including air, and their interactions with solid surfaces, such as airplane wings.
Turbulence: It encompasses the study of irregular fluid motion that usually occurs at high Reynolds numbers.
Multiphase Fluid Dynamics: This type handles the motion of fluids containing more than one phase, such as gases and liquids or liquids and solids, considering the interactions between them.
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD): It is a subfield that includes the study of fluids that are conductive and affected by magnetic fields.
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: It encompasses the study of fluids in Earth's atmosphere, oceans, or mantle, considering their interactions with the environment.
Biomedical Fluid Dynamics: It involves the study of fluid motion, transport, and its effects on biological systems, such as blood flow, respiratory system, and drug delivery.
Multiphysics Fluid Dynamics: It includes the study of fluid behavior in systems with multiple physical interactions, such as heat transfer, chemical reactions, and fluid-structure interactions.
"It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion)."
"Fluid dynamics has a wide range of applications, including calculating forces and moments on aircraft, determining the mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines, predicting weather patterns, understanding nebulae in interstellar space and modelling fission weapon detonation."
"Fluid dynamics offers a systematic structure—which underlies these practical disciplines—that embraces empirical and semi-empirical laws derived from flow measurement and used to solve practical problems."
"The solution to a fluid dynamics problem typically involves the calculation of various properties of the fluid, such as flow velocity, pressure, density, and temperature, as functions of space and time."
"Before the twentieth century, hydrodynamics was synonymous with fluid dynamics."
"This is still reflected in names of some fluid dynamics topics, like magnetohydrodynamics and hydrodynamic stability, both of which can also be applied to gases."
"In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics..."
"The study of air and other gases in motion."
"The study of liquids in motion."
"calculating forces and moments on aircraft"
"determining the mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines"
"predicting weather patterns"
"understanding nebulae in interstellar space"
"modelling fission weapon detonation"
"empirical and semi-empirical laws derived from flow measurement"
"Fluid dynamics offers a systematic structure"
"flow velocity, pressure, density, and temperature"
"as functions of space and time"
"used to solve practical problems"