"In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields."
The study of the electromagnetic force and its effects on charged particles.
Electric Charges: It is the physical property of matter that induces electric forces and fields.
Coulomb's Law: It is a mathematical equation that calculates the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic force between two charges.
Electric Fields: It is the space around the electric charge where it can exert force on other charges.
Gauss's Law: It is a mathematical equation that relates the electric field for a charge distribution to the charge enclosed within a surface.
Electric Potential Energy: It is the energy possessed by an object due to its position in an electric field.
Capacitors: It is a device that stores energy in an electric field by accumulating charge on two conductive plates separated by an insulating material.
Electric Current: It is the flow of electric charge through a conductor.
Ohm's Law: It relates the current flowing in a conductor to the potential difference across the conductor and resistance.
Magnetic Fields: It is the space around a magnet where it can exert a force on other magnets or charged particles.
Ampere's Law: It relates the magnetic field for a current distribution to the current enclosed within a surface.
Faraday's Law: It relates the electric field induced by a changing magnetic flux.
Lenz's Law: It states that the direction of the induced electric field opposes the change that produced it.
Electromagnetic Waves: It is a transverse wave that is produced by the motion of electric and magnetic fields.
Maxwell's Equations: It is a set of four equations that describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields.
Radiation: It is the energy emitted by any process and travels through space as electromagnetic waves.
Electric Charge: It is the property of matter that gives rise to electric forces. There are two types of charges: Positive and negative, and opposite charges attract while like charges repel each other.
Electric Field: It is a force field that surrounds a charged object and exerts force on other charged particles in its presence. The electric field is described by its magnitude and direction.
Magnetic Field: It is a force field that surrounds magnets and electric currents and exerts force on other magnets or moving charges in its presence. The magnetic field is described by its magnitude and direction.
Electromagnetic Waves: Electromagnetic waves are disturbances in the electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space at the speed of light. These waves carry energy and information and are also called light waves. Electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays.
"The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature."
"Electromagnetic forces occur between any two charged particles, causing an attraction between particles with opposite charges and repulsion between particles with the same charge."
"Electromagnetism can be thought of as a combination of electrostatics and magnetism, two distinct but closely intertwined phenomena."
"These two effects combine to create electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of charged particles, which can accelerate other charged particles via the Lorentz force."
"The electromagnetic force is responsible for many of the chemical and physical phenomena observed in daily life."
"Electric forces also allow different atoms to combine into molecules, including the macromolecules such as proteins that form the basis of life."
"Magnetic interactions between the spin and angular momentum magnetic moments of electrons also play a role in chemical reactivity; such relationships are studied in spin chemistry."
"Electromagnetism also plays a crucial role in modern technology: electrical energy production, transformation and distribution; light, heat, and sound production and detection; fiber optic and wireless communication; sensors; computation; electrolysis; electroplating; and mechanical motors and actuators."
"Electromagnetism has been studied since ancient times."
"Many ancient civilizations, including the Greeks and the Mayans, created wide-ranging theories to explain lightning, static electricity, and the attraction between magnetized pieces of iron ore."
"It wasn't until the late 18th century that scientists began to develop a mathematical basis for understanding the nature of electromagnetic interactions."
"In the 18th and 19th centuries, prominent scientists and mathematicians such as Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday developed namesake laws which helped to explain the formation and interaction of electromagnetic fields."
"This process culminated in the 1860s with the discovery of Maxwell's equations, a set of four partial differential equations which provide a complete description of classical electromagnetic fields."
"Maxwell's equations also predicted the existence of self-sustaining electromagnetic waves. Maxwell postulated that such waves make up visible light, which was later shown to be true."
"In the modern era, scientists have continued to refine the theorem of electromagnetism to take into account the effects of modern physics, including quantum mechanics and relativity."
"The theoretical implications of electromagnetism, particularly the establishment of the speed of light based on properties of the 'medium' of propagation (permeability and permittivity), helped inspire Einstein's theory of special relativity in 1905."
"The field of quantum electrodynamics (QED) has modified Maxwell's equations to be consistent with the quantized nature of matter."
"In QED, the electromagnetic field is expressed in terms of discrete particles known as photons, which are also the physical quanta of light."
"Today, there exist many problems in electromagnetism that remain unsolved, such as the existence of magnetic monopoles and the mechanism by which some organisms can sense electric and magnetic fields."