- "In physics, atomic spectroscopy is the study of the electromagnetic radiation absorbed and emitted by atoms."
Patterns of light emitted or absorbed by atoms when they are excited, which can be used to identify elements and study their properties.
Quantum Mechanics: The fundamental theory that governs the behavior of atoms.
Energy Levels: The discrete energy states within an atom that electrons can occupy.
Electronic Configurations: The arrangement of electrons in atom's energy levels.
Spectroscopy: The study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Electromagnetic Radiation: The form of energy that includes gamma rays, X-rays, and visible light.
Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy: Basic principles for understanding electromagnetic radiation.
Atomic Emission: Electrons falling from higher to lower energy levels releasing photons.
Absorption Spectra: The study of light absorbed by atomic objects.
Bohr Model: A simple model for understanding atomic structure.
Quantum Numbers: The four parameters that give the complete description of electrons in atoms.
Photoelectric Effect: The emission of electrons when light is shone on a metal.
Fine Structure: Small corrections to the energy levels due to relativistic effects.
Zeeman Effect: The splitting of spectral lines in the presence of a magnetic field.
Stark Effect: The splitting of spectral lines in the presence of an electric field.
Rydberg Formula: For calculating the wavelength of photons emitted or absorbed during atomic transitions.
Line Spectra: The emission or absorption of radiation over a narrow range of wavelengths.
Isotopes: Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
Nuclear Spin: The intrinsic angular momentum of atomic nuclei.
Spectroscopic Notations: Ways to write the electronic configurations of atoms.
Line Spectrum: A spectrum consisting of bright or dark lines at specific wavelengths or frequencies, formed when electrons move between discrete energy levels in an atom.
Continuous Spectrum: A spectrum that consists of an unbroken range of colors or wavelengths, produced by a hot, dense body like a blackbody radiator.
Absorption Spectrum: An atomic spectrum in which a series of dark lines appear, indicating the absence of specific wavelengths of light that have been absorbed by the atoms of an element.
Emission Spectrum: An atomic spectrum in which a series of bright lines appear, indicating the presence of specific wavelengths of light that have been emitted by the atoms of an element.
Fluorescence Spectrum: The spectrum produced when a material is illuminated with light at one wavelength and re-radiates that light at a longer wavelength.
Phosphorescence Spectrum: The spectrum produced when a material is illuminated with light and continues to emit light even after the illumination has stopped.
Raman Spectrum: A spectrum produced by the inelastic scattering of light from a molecule, which causes a shift in frequency due to the energy exchange between the molecule and the light.
X-ray Spectrum: A spectrum produced by the emission of X-rays from an atom or molecule, which can be used to determine the atomic structure of the material.
Infrared Spectrum: A spectrum produced by the absorption or emission of infrared radiation by a molecule, which can be used to determine the chemical composition of the material.
Ultraviolet-visible Spectrum: A spectrum produced by the absorption or emission of ultraviolet or visible light by a molecule, which can be used to determine the electronic structure of the material.
- "Since unique elements have unique emission spectra, atomic spectroscopy is applied for determination of elemental compositions."
- "It can be divided by atomization source or by the type of spectroscopy used."
- "In the latter case, the main division is between optical and mass spectrometry."
- "Mass spectrometry generally gives significantly better analytical performance."
- "This complexity translates into higher purchase costs, higher operational costs, more operator training, and a greater number of components that can potentially fail."
- "Because optical spectroscopy is often less expensive and has performance adequate for many tasks, it is far more common."
- "Atomic absorption spectrometers are one of the most commonly sold and used analytical devices."