The study of human populations. Demography is important in military geography because it can provide insights into the behavior and motivations of enemy combatants, as well as the attitudes and beliefs of local populations.
Population structure: The distribution of population by age, sex, and other socioeconomic factors, which influence the size, composition, and behavior of a population.
Migration patterns: The movement of people from one place to another, including the reasons for migration, and the impact of migration on population growth and change.
Fertility: The number of births per woman or per population, and how it varies across regions, cultures, and socioeconomic groups.
Mortality: The study of death and disease, including rates and causes of death, life expectancy, and health indicators.
Demographic transition: The shift from high to low birth and death rates as a country becomes more economically and socially developed.
Population growth: The increase or decrease in population numbers over time, including the factors that influence population growth, such as birth and death rates, migration, and natural disasters.
Urbanization: The process by which people move from rural to urban areas, and how this affects population growth, infrastructure, and quality of life.
Aging population: The demographic shift towards an older population, and the associated challenges and opportunities for social and economic policies.
Demographic modeling: The use of statistical models to predict demographic trends, and to understand the complex interplay between population, environment, and society.
Population policy: The development and implementation of policies to manage population growth, fertility, migration, health, and other demographic factors.
Population: Study of the number, distribution, and changes in the size and characteristics of a community, nation or region.
Migration: Study of the movements of people across regions, countries, and continents over time, along with the demographic, economic, and social consequences of these movements.
Birth and Death Rates: Analysis of the number of births and deaths occurring in a population, along with the effects on the age distribution and overall population growth.
Age and Gender: Study of the distribution of demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, and race, within a given population.
Health: Exploration of the physical and mental health of individuals, populations or communities, and variations in disease, illness, and disability.
Education: Analysis of educational attainment and variation in educational opportunities and outcomes, important for understanding workforce capabilities and military personnel recruitment.
Household Composition: Examination of living arrangements, family structures, and household size, which offer insights into consumption patterns, social norms, and military personnel management practices.
Economic Status: Analysis of economic indicators such as employment, income, and poverty, with regards to demographics, to understand consumption patterns and the economic well-being of the community.
Religious Affiliation: Exploration of the religious beliefs, practices, and affiliations of individuals and groups, which can influence political allegiances and military recruitment.
Political Participation: The study of political participation and voting behavior within a particular geographic or demographic context.