Detection and Identification involves the ability to locate and identify chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear agents.
Chemical agents: Chemical agents are substances, volatile or liquid, that can cause harm to an individual through inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.
Biological agents: Biological agents are microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, that are capable of causing diseases and illness to humans.
Radiological agents: Radiological agents are materials that emit ionizing radiation, including alpha, beta, and gamma particles.
Nuclear weapons: Nuclear weapons are explosive devices which derive their destructive force and energy from nuclear reactions.
Hazmat operations: Hazardous materials, or hazmat, are substances that have the potential to cause harm or damage to humans, animals, or the environment.
Risk assessment: Risk assessment is a process of identifying potential hazards and evaluating the likelihood of their occurrence.
Decontamination: Decontamination is a process used to remove or reduce contamination from an individual or an environment.
Protective equipment: Protective equipment is personal protective gear worn to prevent exposure to hazardous materials or agents.
Emergency response planning: Effective emergency response planning is critical in ensuring a timely and effective response to emergencies.
Detection and identification technologies: Detection and identification technologies are tools or devices used to identify the presence of hazardous materials or agents.
Incident command system: The Incident Command System (ICS) is a standardized approach to coordinating emergency response efforts.
Sampling and analysis: Sampling and analysis techniques are used to collect and analyze samples of environmental or biological materials for detection of potential hazards.
Response to mass casualty incidents: Response to mass casualty incidents involves the coordination of numerous agencies and resources to provide medical assistance to a large number of people.
CBRN defense training: CBRN defense training provides individuals with the knowledge and skills required to respond effectively to incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear agents.
Colorimetric detection: It uses a chemical reaction to detect and identify the presence of chemicals.
Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS): It identifies and detects chemical compounds based on their mobility in a carrier gas.
Flame photometry: It uses the emitted light from a flame to detect the presence of certain chemicals.
Gas chromatography: It separates and identifies the different components of a gas mixture based on their chemical and physical properties.
Mass Spectrometry: It identifies the chemical composition of a substance by analyzing its molecular weight and fragmentation pattern.
ELISA: It stands for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. It detects the presence of specific proteins or antibodies in a sample.
Immunofluorescence: It uses fluorescent dyes to detect and identify pathogens or biological agents.
PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction is a technique that amplifies and detects specific DNA sequences from a sample.
MALDI-TOF: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is used to identify microbes based on their protein content.
Geiger Counter: It detects and measures ionizing radiation by detecting the number of radioactive particles in a sample.
Scintillation Detector: It detects gamma radiation by using a scintillator, which converts the radiation into light that can be detected by a photomultiplier tube.
Gamma Spectroscopy: It measures the energy spectrum of gamma radiation to identify the isotopes present in a sample.
X-ray Diffraction: It determines the structure of a crystal by measuring the diffraction of X-rays through it.
Neutron Detection: It detects the presence of neutrons using ionization chambers or scintillation detectors.
Gamma Ray Detection: It detects the presence of gamma radiation using scintillation detectors or germanium detectors.
Alpha Particle Detection: It detects the presence of alpha particles using gas-filled detectors or solid-state detectors.
Beta Particle Detection: It detects the presence of beta particles using gas-filled detectors or scintillation detectors.