"The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this."
Precautions taken to minimize exposure to radiation and to ensure the safety of healthcare workers and patients.
Basic radiation physics: This includes the fundamental concepts of radiation, such as types of radiation, characteristics, and units of measurement.
Radiation sources: This topic covers the sources of ionizing radiation, such as natural and man-made sources.
Radiation detection and measurement: This topic explores the various methods used to detect, measure, and quantify radiation exposure.
Radiation biology: This topic covers the effects of radiation on living tissue.
Radiation protection: This topic includes the principles and practices of radiation protection, such as shielding and monitoring.
Radiation safety regulations and standards: This topic includes the regulations and standards set by national and international organizations for radiation safety.
Radiation dose limits: This topic covers the recommended exposure limits for the general public and workers in various industries.
Principles and practices of medical radiation safety: This topic explores the safety measures and procedures required in medical radiology, including patient and staff protection.
Radiation emergencies: This topic includes the preparedness and response to radiation emergencies, including accidental exposure and contamination.
Radioactive waste management: This topic covers the safe handling, storage, and disposal of radioactive waste.
Nuclear power plants: This topic covers the safety measures and regulations in the operation of nuclear power plants.
Transportation of radioactive materials: This topic explores the safe transportation of radioactive materials and the regulations and guidelines for their transport.
Radiation therapy: This topic covers the safe administration of radiation therapy for cancer treatment.
Radiological imaging: This topic covers the principles and practices of various radiological imaging techniques, including X-ray, CT, MRI, and nuclear medicine imaging.
Radiological emergencies: This topic covers the preparedness and response to radiological emergencies, including terrorist threats and accidents.
Ionizing radiation safety: This type of radiation safety involves protection from X-rays, gamma rays, and high-energy particles that can ionize atoms in body tissue and cause damage.
Non-ionizing radiation safety: This type of radiation safety involves protection from ultraviolet radiation, microwaves, and radiofrequency radiation that may cause tissue heating and other effects.
MRI safety: This type of radiation safety involves protection from the strong magnetic fields and radio waves used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can cause adverse effects in patients with certain medical devices or implants.
Nuclear medicine safety: This type of radiation safety involves protection from radioactive isotopes used in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, such as PET scans and radiation therapy.
Radiation therapy safety: This type of radiation safety involves protection of healthcare workers and patients from ionizing radiation used in cancer treatment.
Environmental radiation safety: This type of radiation safety involves monitoring and controlling exposure to natural and man-made sources of radiation in the environment, such as radon gas and nuclear power plants.
Occupational radiation safety: This type of radiation safety involves protecting workers in industries that involve exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, such as nuclear facilities and radiology departments.
Emergency response radiation safety: This type of radiation safety involves responding to and managing accidental or intentional releases of radiation, such as in nuclear disasters or terrorist attacks.
Transport radiation safety: This type of radiation safety involves ensuring the safe transport of radioactive materials, such as medical isotopes and nuclear waste, by land, sea, or air.
"Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to internal irradiation caused by the ingestion of radioactive contamination."
"At high exposures, it can cause 'tissue' effects, also called 'deterministic' effects due to the certainty of them happening, conventionally indicated by the unit gray and resulting in acute radiation syndrome. For low-level exposures, there can be statistically elevated risks of radiation-induced cancer, called 'stochastic effects' due to the uncertainty of them happening, conventionally indicated by the unit sievert."
"The avoidance or reduction of dose using the simple protective measures of time, distance, and shielding."
"The duration of exposure should be limited to that necessary."
"The distance from the source of radiation should be maximized."
"The source or the target should be shielded wherever possible."
"For external radiation personal dosimeters are used."
"For internal dose to due to ingestion of radioactive contamination, bioassay techniques are applied."
"The International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) publish recommendations and data."
"The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation."
"Conventionally indicated by the unit gray."
"Tissue effects due to the certainty of them happening, resulting in acute radiation syndrome."
"Statistically elevated risks of radiation-induced cancer due to the uncertainty of them happening."
"The duration of exposure should be limited to that necessary."
"The distance from the source of radiation should be maximized."
"The source or the target should be shielded wherever possible."
"For external radiation personal dosimeters are used."
"Bioassay techniques are applied."
"Recommendations and data used to calculate the biological effects on the human body of certain levels of radiation and advise acceptable dose uptake limits."