"Infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce."
Covers the different types of infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, and fungi, their characteristics, and the diseases they cause. Also covers the immune response to infectious agents.
Microbiology: The study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, that cause infectious diseases.
Epidemiology: The study of the distribution and determinants of infectious diseases in populations.
Immunology: The study of the body's immune system and how it responds to infectious agents.
Clinical Manifestations of Infectious Diseases: The signs and symptoms of infectious diseases and how they present clinically.
Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diseases: The methods used to diagnose and manage infectious diseases, including laboratory testing and antimicrobial therapy.
Prevention of Infectious Diseases: The strategies used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, including vaccination, hand hygiene, and infection control measures.
Public Health and Infectious Diseases: The role of public health in the control and management of infectious diseases, including surveillance, outbreak response, and policy development.
Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases: The mechanisms by which infectious agents cause disease, including virulence factors and host-pathogen interactions.
Zoonotic Diseases: Infectious diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans.
Emerging Infectious Diseases: Novel infectious diseases that are newly recognized or have recently increased in incidence, such as COVID-19.
Antibiotic Resistance: The phenomenon in which bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics, leading to treatment failure and increased morbidity and mortality.
Viral Hepatitis: A group of infectious diseases caused by hepatitis viruses that affect the liver and can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): A viral infection that attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS, which is a collection of symptoms and infections that occur as a result of advanced HIV disease.
Tuberculosis: An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other organs of the body.
Malaria: A parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes that causes fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms and can be life-threatening if left untreated.
Sexually Transmitted Infections: Infectious diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact, including gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and genital herpes.
Fungal Infections: Infections caused by fungi, including candidiasis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis.
Parasitic Infections: Infections caused by parasites, including malaria, giardiasis, and helminth infections.
Foodborne Illnesses: Infections caused by consuming contaminated food or water, including salmonella, E. coli, and norovirus.
Vector-Borne Diseases: Infectious diseases that are transmitted by insects or other arthropods, including Lyme disease, West Nile virus, and dengue fever.
Bacterial infections: These are caused by bacteria and can range from mild illnesses such as strep throat, to life-threatening infections such as sepsis.
Viral infections: These are caused by viruses and can lead to a range of diseases including the common cold, flu, measles, and HIV.
Fungal infections: These are caused by fungi and can affect different areas of the body such as the skin, nails, and lungs.
Parasitic infections: These are caused by parasites and can lead to a range of illnesses including malaria, toxoplasmosis, and amoebic dysentery.
Vector-borne diseases: These are transmitted by insects or other arthropods, such as mosquitoes or ticks, and can lead to illnesses such as Lyme disease, dengue fever, and West Nile virus.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): These are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites that are spread through sexual contact. Examples include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and genital herpes.
Foodborne illnesses: These are caused by bacteria or toxins present in food or water and can lead to illnesses such as salmonella or E. coli infections.
Nosocomial infections: These are infections that are contracted in a healthcare setting, such as hospitals, and can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
Zoonotic infections: These are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans and can include diseases such as rabies, Lyme disease, and anthrax.
Autoimmune diseases: Although not infectious in the traditional sense, autoimmune diseases occur when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues, leading to a range of conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
"An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection."
"Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, most prominently bacteria and viruses."
"Hosts can fight infections using their immune systems."
"Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response."
"Specific medications used to treat infections include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antihelminthics."
"Infectious diseases resulted in 9.2 million deaths in 2013 (about 17% of all deaths)."
"The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious diseases."
"An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce."
"An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection."
"Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, most prominently bacteria and viruses."
"Hosts can fight infections using their immune systems."
"Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response."
"Specific medications used to treat infections include antibiotics..."
"Infectious diseases resulted in 9.2 million deaths in 2013 (about 17% of all deaths)."
"Hosts can fight infections using their immune systems."
"The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious diseases."
"Infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce."
"Specific medications used to treat infections include... antivirals..."
"An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection."