"Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system."
The study of how living organisms function, including how various systems of the body work together.
Cell Biology: The study of the structure, function, and organization of cells, including organelles, membranes, and the cytoskeleton.
Biochemistry: The study of the chemical processes occurring within living organisms, including metabolism and enzyme function.
Molecular Biology: The study of the structure and function of macromolecules essential to life, including proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Genetics: The study of inheritance and genetic variation in organisms, including DNA structure, replication, and gene expression.
Histology: The study of the microscopic structure of tissues, including epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural tissue.
Anatomy: The study of the structure of the human body, including organs, systems, and the relationship between different parts.
Physiology: The study of the function of living organisms, including the mechanisms and processes of homeostasis, respiration, circulation, digestion, and excretion.
Neurophysiology: The study of the function of the nervous system, including the structure and function of neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitter activity.
Immunology: The study of the immune system, including immune response, antigen recognition, and the role of lymphocytes, antibodies, and cytokines.
Pharmacology: The study of the effects of drugs on organisms, including their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity.
Pathophysiology: The study of the physiological processes underlying disease and illness, including the study of cellular and molecular mechanisms, genetic factors, and environmental influences.
Biomathematics: The study of mathematical models and techniques applied to biological and physiological systems, including data analysis, statistical inference, and mathematical modeling.
Biomechanics: The study of the mechanics of biological systems, including the movement of the human body, the structure and function of bones, muscles, and joints, and the effect of external forces on biological systems.
Exercise Physiology: The study of the physiological responses to exercise, including the metabolic, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems, and the effects of exercise on health and disease.
Integrative Physiology: The study of the interactions of multiple physiological systems and their role in maintaining homeostasis in living organisms.
Neurophysiology: Study of the nervous system and its functions at cellular, molecular, and systemic levels.
Cardiovascular physiology: The study of the heart's function and how it interacts with the circulatory system.
Respiratory physiology: Study of the function of the lungs and the respiratory system.
Gastrointestinal physiology: Study of the function of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas.
Renal physiology: Study of the kidney's function and how its processes contribute to the body as a whole.
Endocrine physiology: Study of the endocrine system and how hormones regulate bodily processes.
Reproductive physiology: Study of the reproductive system, including the male and female reproductive organs.
Immunology: Study of the immune system and how it defends the body from infections and diseases.
Musculoskeletal physiology: Study of the musculoskeletal system and how it contributes to the overall function of the body.
Developmental physiology: Study of how organisms develop from fertilization to death.
Exercise physiology: Study of how physical activity and exercise affect the body's physiological processes.
Environmental physiology: Study of how environmental variables, such as temperature and altitude, affect the body's physiological processes.
Comparative physiology: Study of the physiological processes of different animal species and their evolutionary adaptations.
Integrative physiology: Study of the integration of all the body's systems to maintain homeostasis and overall bodily function.
"Physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out chemical and physical functions in a living system."
"The field can be divided into medical physiology, animal physiology, plant physiology, cell physiology, and comparative physiology."
"Central to physiological functioning are biophysical and biochemical processes, homeostatic control mechanisms, and communication between cells."
"Physiological state is the condition of normal function."
"Pathological state refers to abnormal conditions, including human diseases."
"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences."
"The Nobel Prize is awarded for exceptional scientific achievements in physiology related to the field of medicine."
"The word 'physiology' originates from the Ancient Greek φύσις (phúsis) meaning 'nature, origin' and -λογία (-logía) meaning 'study of'."
"Physiology is a sub-discipline of biology that focuses on understanding how living systems carry out their functions and mechanisms."
"Physiology studies organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules in living systems."
"There are two primary types of physiological state - normal function and abnormal conditions (pathological state)."
"Some examples of fields within physiology include medical physiology, animal physiology, plant physiology, cell physiology, and comparative physiology."
"Biophysical and biochemical processes, homeostatic control mechanisms, and cellular communication are integral to physiological functioning."
"Homeostatic control mechanisms play a vital role in maintaining the balance and stability of the body's internal environment."
"Physiological state refers to normal function, while pathological state refers to abnormal conditions such as diseases."
"The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to acknowledge exceptional scientific achievements in physiology related to medicine."
"Physiology studies the functions and mechanisms of living systems, including how cells, organs, and organisms carry out chemical and physical processes."
"The two fundamental categories of physiological conditions are normal functioning (physiological state) and abnormal conditions (pathological state)."
"The study of physiology contributes to understanding the chemical and physical functions in living systems, including the interactions between biomolecules, cells, and organs."