- "Pharmacology is a branch of medicine, biology, and pharmaceutical sciences concerned with drug or medication action." - "Pharmacology is the science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology." - "The field encompasses drug composition and properties, functions, sources, synthesis and drug design, molecular and cellular mechanisms, organ/systems mechanisms, signal transduction/cellular communication, molecular diagnostics, interactions, chemical biology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities."
The study of drugs and their effects on the body.
Basic Principles of Pharmacology: This includes topics like doses, routes of administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions.
Receptor Theory: This encompasses the concepts of drug-receptor interactions, agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists.
Autonomic Nervous System: This covers the actions of drugs on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, including cholinergic and adrenergic receptors.
Endocrine System: This includes the roles of hormones, hormone receptors, and drugs that affect endocrine function.
Central Nervous System: This covers the effects of drugs on the brain and spinal cord, including neurotransmitters, receptors, and classes of drugs like analgesics and psychotropics.
Cardiovascular System: This encompasses the actions of drugs on the heart and blood vessels, including anti-hypertensive and anti-arrhythmic drugs.
Respiratory System: This includes the effects of drugs on the lungs and airways, including bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents.
Gastrointestinal System: This covers the actions of drugs on the digestive tract, including anti-emetics and acid suppressants.
Renal System: This includes the effects of drugs on the kidneys, such as diuretics and anti-hypertensive agents.
Immunomodulators: This covers the actions of drugs that modify the immune system, including immunosuppressants and immunomodulators.
Antimicrobials: This includes the different classes of antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals, and their mechanisms of action.
Chemotherapy: This covers the principles of cancer therapy, including cytotoxic agents, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies.
Toxicology: This includes the effects of drugs on the body, including adverse reactions, poisonings, and overdose management.
Pharmacogenomics: This covers the interaction between genetics and drug responses, including testing and personalized medicine.
Clinical Pharmacology: This includes the application of pharmacology principles in the clinical setting, including drug selection, dosing, monitoring, and adverse effect management.
Herbal, complementary, and alternative medicine: This covers the use of botanicals, supplements, and other non-pharmacological therapies in the management of disease.
Ethical and legal considerations: This covers the legal and ethical frameworks surrounding drug use, including prescription drug regulation and medical ethics.
Clinical Pharmacology: The study of drugs and their therapeutic effects and dosage in humans, including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Pharmacodynamics: The study of how drugs interact with the body and the mechanisms by which drugs produce their effects.
Pharmacokinetics: The study of how the body processes drugs, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
Toxicology: The study of the harmful effects of drugs and other chemicals on biological systems.
Psychopharmacology: The study of the effects of drugs on mental processes and behavior.
Analytical Pharmacology: The study of the quantitative analysis of drugs in biological samples.
Ethnopharmacology: The study of the use of traditional medicines and natural products in different cultures.
Pharmacogenomics: The study of genetic variation and its effect on drug response.
Nutritional Pharmacology: The study of the relationship between diet and drug metabolism and how components of food affect the action of drugs.
Molecular Pharmacology: The study of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which drugs interact with their targets.
Immunopharmacology: The study of the interactions between drugs and the immune system.
Clinical Toxicology: The study of the management of poisoning and overdose of drugs and other toxins.
- "A drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism." - "Sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species."
- "It is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function." - "Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems, and pharmacokinetics studies the effects of biological systems on a drug."
- "Pharmacology, a biomedical science, deals with the research, discovery, and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals." - "In contrast, pharmacy, a health services profession, is concerned with the application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings."
- "The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics." - "Pharmacodynamics discusses the chemicals with biological receptors, and pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals from the biological systems."
- "Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems." - "Pharmacodynamics discusses the chemicals with biological receptors."
- "Pharmacokinetics studies the effects of biological systems on a drug." - "Pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals from the biological systems."
- "Pharmacy... is concerned with the application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings." - "Whether it be in a dispensing or clinical care role."
- "The primary contrast between the two is their distinctions between direct-patient care, pharmacy practice, and the science-oriented research field, driven by pharmacology." - "Pharmacy, a health services profession, is concerned with the application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings."
- "Pharmacology is concerned with the research, discovery, and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals."
- "The field encompasses drug composition and properties, functions, sources, synthesis and drug design, molecular and cellular mechanisms, organ/systems mechanisms, signal transduction/cellular communication, molecular diagnostics, interactions, chemical biology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities."
- "Pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals from the biological systems."
- "A drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism."
- "Pharmacology is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function."
- "Pharmacology is the science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology."
- "Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems."
- "Pharmacokinetics studies the effects of biological systems on a drug."
- "Pharmacology deals with the research, discovery, and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals."
- "If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals."
- "Pharmacy... is concerned with the application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings."