"The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of two components that make up the nervous system of bilateral animals, with the other part being the central nervous system (CNS)."
All of the nerves that extend out from the central nervous system. They are responsible for transmitting information to and from the brain and spinal cord.
Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System: Essential study of peripheral nerves and ganglia.
Types of Peripheral Nerves: Overview of the various types of peripheral nerves in the body.
Sensory Receptors: Classification and function of different sensory receptors, such as mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, photoreceptors.
Reflexes: Explanation of different types of reflexes, such as stretch reflex, gag reflex, and others.
Autonomic Nervous System: Detailed study of the structure and function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Neuromuscular Junction: Understanding the way muscles work and their interaction with the nervous system.
Muscle Contraction: Study of how the nervous system controls and coordinates muscle contraction.
Neurotransmitters: Overview of the molecular markers or chemical mediators that help to transmit messages between neurons.
Neurologic Disorders: The different types of disorders affecting the PNS, including peripheral neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and others.
Clinical Assessment: Diagnosis and examination of patients suffering from peripheral nervous system damage or disorders.
Treatment and Management: Different treatment options available, including physical therapy, medication, and surgery.
Research Advances: Latest trends and innovations in the field of peripheral neuropathy research and treatment.
Somatic nervous system: Controls voluntary movements and receives sensory signals from external stimuli such as touch, pressure, temperature and pain.
Autonomic nervous system: Regulates involuntary bodily functions such as digestion, breathing, heart rate, hormone production and blood pressure.
Sympathetic nervous system: Mobilizes the body's resources during times of stress, also called the "fight or flight" response.
Parasympathetic nervous system: Promotes relaxation and conserves energy, also called the "rest and digest" response.
Enteric nervous system: Controls the gastrointestinal tract and its functions, including digestion, absorption and food metabolism.
Cranial nerve system: Includes 12 pairs of nerves that originate in the brain and control functions such as vision, smell, hearing, facial movement and taste.
Spinal nerve system: Includes 31 pairs of nerves that originate from the spinal cord and control signals to and from the body and limbs.
Somatosensory system: Carries sensory information from the skin, muscles and joints to the brain for interpretation.
Viscerosensory system: Carries sensory information from internal organs to the brain for interpretation.
Motor system: Controls voluntary and involuntary movements of the body.
Sensory system: Receives and processes sensory information and delivers it to the brain for interpretation.
Afferent nervous system: Carries information from the periphery to the central nervous system.
Efferent nervous system: Carries information from the central nervous system to the periphery.
Neuromuscular junction: Enables communication between the nervous system and muscle cells, allowing for coordinated movements.
Cutaneous nervous system: Controls the skin's sensory receptors and is involved in touch, pressure and temperature perception.
"The PNS consists of nerves and ganglia, which lie outside the brain and the spinal cord."
"The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body."
"Unlike the CNS, the PNS is not protected by the vertebral column and skull, or by the blood–brain barrier, which leaves it exposed to toxins."
"The peripheral nervous system can be divided into the somatic nervous system and the visceral nervous system."
"Each of these have a sensory and a motor division."
"The visceral motor division is known as the autonomic nervous system."
"In the somatic nervous system, the cranial nerves are part of the PNS with the exception of the optic nerve (cranial nerve II), along with the retina."
"The second cranial nerve is not a true peripheral nerve but a tract of the diencephalon."
"The autonomic nervous system exerts involuntary control over smooth muscle and glands."
"The connection between CNS and organs allows the system to be in two different functional states: sympathetic and parasympathetic."
"The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs."
"Unlike the CNS, the PNS is not protected by the vertebral column and skull."
"The PNS consists of nerves and ganglia."
"The autonomic nervous system exerts involuntary control over smooth muscle and glands."
"The PNS serves as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body."
"The PNS is exposed to toxins."
"The peripheral nervous system can be divided into the somatic nervous system and the visceral nervous system."
"In the somatic nervous system, the cranial nerves are part of the PNS with the exception of the optic nerve (cranial nerve II), along with the retina."
"The system can be in two different functional states: sympathetic and parasympathetic."