"Urinalysis, a portmanteau of the words urine and analysis, is a panel of medical tests that includes physical (macroscopic) examination of the urine, chemical evaluation using urine test strips, and microscopic examination."
This topic covers the assessment of urine composition and characteristics, including pH, specific gravity, and presence of abnormal substances.
Anatomy: Anatomy refers to the study of the structure and organization of organs and tissues in the human body.
Physiology: Physiology is the study of how the body's organs and systems function and how they are regulated in order to maintain overall health and homeostasis.
Urinary Tract Infections: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are bacterial infections that affect any part of the urinary system, causing symptoms such as frequent and painful urination.
Kidney Diseases: Kidney diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the structure and function of the kidneys, leading to impaired filtration and improper removal of waste from the body.
Urinary Stones: Urinary stones refer to the solid formations within the urinary system that are formed from crystalized substances in urine and can cause severe pain and various complications.
Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin production or insulin resistance.
Renal Function Tests: Renal function tests refer to a series of laboratory analyses that assess the various aspects of kidney function by analyzing urine samples collected from patients.
Urine Collection and Handling: Urine collection and handling entails the proper methods and procedures for obtaining, storing, and transporting urine samples for various medical diagnostic purposes.
Urinalysis: Urinalysis is the examination and evaluation of urine to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions and assess overall health.
Microscopic Examination: Microscopic examination in urine analysis involves the visual examination of urine sediment under a microscope to identify and analyze various cells, bacteria, crystals, and other substances that provide important diagnostic information about the underlying health condition.
Culture and Sensitivity: Culture and sensitivity in urine analysis involve growing bacteria from a urine sample and determining which antibiotics effectively treat the infection.
Hematuria: Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine, which can indicate various underlying medical conditions related to the kidneys, urinary tract, or other organs.
Proteinuria: Proteinuria refers to the presence of excessive amounts of protein in the urine, indicating potential kidney dysfunction or other medical conditions.
Glomerular Disorders: Glomerular disorders refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the filtering units of the kidneys known as glomeruli, resulting in abnormal urine production.
Acute Kidney Injury: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a sudden and significant decline in kidney function leading to the inability of the kidneys to adequately filter waste products from the blood.
Urinalysis: This is the most common type of urine analysis that examines the physical, chemical and microscopic aspects of urine to detect any abnormalities.
24-hour urine collection: This test involves collecting all urine produced in a 24 hour period to evaluate the levels of various substances such as proteins, minerals, and electrolytes.
Creatinine clearance test: This test measures the rate at which the kidneys clear creatinine from the blood, providing information about the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the kidneys.
Microalbuminuria test: This test detects small amounts of albumin in urine, which can be an early indication of kidney damage in individuals with diabetes or high blood pressure.
Urine protein electrophoresis: This test separates and identifies different protein components in urine, which can help identify underlying kidney disease or other medical conditions.
Urine culture: This test is used to detect the presence of bacteria or other microorganisms in urine, which can indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI).
Urine cytology: This test examines urine under a microscope to detect and identify abnormal cells, which could be a sign of bladder or urinary tract cancer.
Urea breath test: This test measures the amount of urea in the breath, which can be an indicator of H. pylori infection in the stomach, a common cause of kidney stones.
Urine drug screen: This test is used to detect the presence of illegal drugs or prescription medications in urine, often used as a part of job screening or sports testing.
Renal biopsy: This is an invasive procedure that involves the removal of a small piece of kidney tissue to examine under a microscope, which can provide a definitive diagnosis for many kidney diseases.
"Macroscopic examination targets parameters such as color, clarity, odor, and specific gravity."
"Urine test strips measure chemical properties such as pH, glucose concentration, and protein levels."
"Microscopy is performed to identify elements such as cells, urinary casts, crystals, and organisms."
"Chemical evaluation using urine test strips" helps measure the chemical properties of the urine.
"Urine test strips measure chemical properties such as pH, glucose concentration, and protein levels."
"Macroscopic examination targets parameters such as color, clarity, odor, and specific gravity."
"Microscopy is performed to identify elements such as cells, urinary casts, crystals, and organisms."
"Urinalysis, a portmanteau of the words urine and analysis..."
"Microscopy is performed to identify elements such as cells, urinary casts, crystals, and organisms."
"Macroscopic examination targets parameters such as... clarity..."
"Urine test strips measure chemical properties such as... glucose concentration..."
"Macroscopic examination targets parameters such as... color..."
"Urine test strips measure chemical properties such as... pH, glucose concentration, and protein levels..."
"Microscopy is performed to identify elements such as... urinary casts, crystals, and organisms."
"Macroscopic examination targets parameters such as... clarity..."
"Macroscopic examination targets parameters such as... odor..."
"Urine test strips measure chemical properties such as... pH, glucose concentration, and protein levels..."
"Macroscopic examination targets parameters such as... specific gravity..."
"Microscopy is performed to identify elements such as... cells, urinary casts, crystals, and organisms."