- "Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, and confusion."
This topic covers the long-term damage and loss of function in the kidneys, its causes, and its treatments.
- "Complications can relate to hormonal dysfunction of the kidneys and include (in chronological order) high blood pressure, bone disease, and anemia." - "CKD patients have markedly increased cardiovascular complications with increased risks of death and hospitalization."
- "Causes of chronic kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease."
- "Risk factors include a family history of chronic kidney disease."
- "Diagnosis is by blood tests to measure the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and a urine test to measure albumin." - "Ultrasound or kidney biopsy may be performed to determine the underlying cause."
- "Initial treatments may include medications to lower blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol." - "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs) are generally first-line agents for blood pressure control." - "Loop diuretics may be used to control edema and lower blood pressure." - "Other recommended measures include staying active and certain dietary changes such as a low-salt diet and the right amount of protein." - "Treatments for anemia and bone disease may also be required." - "Severe disease requires hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant for survival."
- "Chronic kidney disease affected 753 million people globally in 2016 (417 million females and 336 million males.)"
- "In 2015, it caused 1.2 million deaths, up from 409,000 in 1990."
- "The causes that contribute to the greatest number of deaths are high blood pressure at 550,000."
- "Diabetes is the second leading cause of death at 418,000."
- "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs) are generally first-line agents for blood pressure control, as they slow progression of the kidney disease and the risk of heart disease."
- "Certain dietary changes such as a low-salt diet and the right amount of protein."
- "Initially generally no symptoms are seen."
- "CKD patients have markedly increased cardiovascular complications with increased risks of death and hospitalization."
- "Diagnosis is by blood tests to measure the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and a urine test to measure albumin."
- "Severe disease requires hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant for survival."
- "Complications can relate to hormonal dysfunction of the kidneys and include bone disease."
- "Several severity-based staging systems are in use."
- "Causes of chronic kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease."
- "Chronic kidney disease affected 753 million people globally in 2016 (417 million females and 336 million males.)"