"Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility."
The ethical considerations of assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization and surrogacy.
In vitro fertilization (IVF): A form of assisted reproductive technology in which eggs are fertilized by sperm outside the body and implanted into the uterus.
Surrogacy: A reproductive technology in which a woman carries a pregnancy for another person or couple using their embryos or their own eggs and donor sperm.
Genetic testing and screening: The process of analyzing a person's DNA or genetic material to identify potential genetic disorders or diseases.
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD): A genetic testing technique used during IVF to screen embryos for genetic abnormalities before implanting them into the uterus.
Cryopreservation: The process of freezing and storing human reproductive cells, such as sperm or eggs, for future use.
Embryo adoption: A form of adoption in which a couple adopts an embryo that was created through IVF and not used by the biological parents.
Fertility preservation: The process of freezing and storing reproductive cells or tissue for people who want to delay having children or for those facing medical conditions that may affect their fertility.
Cloning: The process of creating a genetically identical copy of a living organism.
Human embryonic stem cell research: The study of embryonic stem cells for potential medical benefits.
Eugenics: The study of or practice of improving the human genome using selective breeding or genetic engineering.
Sex selection: The practice of choosing the sex of a child through reproductive technologies.
Donor sperm and egg: The use of sperm or eggs from anonymous or known donors to conceive a child.
Posthumous reproduction: The use of reproductive technologies to conceive a child after one or both parents have died.
Reproductive justice: The idea that all people should have the right to make informed decisions about their reproductive health and future.
In vitro fertilization (IVF): The process of combining sperm and eggs outside the body to create embryos, which are then transferred into the uterus.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): A procedure in which a single sperm is injected into an egg for fertilization.
Artificial insemination: Insertion of sperm into the female reproductive system for fertilization.
Donor sperm: The use of sperm from a donor for insemination or IVF.
Donor eggs: The use of eggs from a donor for IVF.
Surrogacy: The process in which a woman carries a pregnancy for another couple or individual who will become the child's parent(s).
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD): A process in which embryos created through IVF are screened for genetic abnormalities before they are implanted.
Embryo donation: The use of embryos donated by another couple or individual for IVF.
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT): A surgical procedure in which eggs and sperm are placed in the fallopian tubes for fertilization.
Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT): A procedure similar to IVF, but the fertilized egg (zygote) is placed in the fallopian tube rather than the uterus.
Cryopreservation: Freezing embryos, eggs, or sperm for later use.
Assisted hatching: A procedure in which the outer layer of an embryo is thinned to help it implant more easily in the uterus.
Mitochondrial replacement therapy: A technique that involves replacing defective mitochondria from an egg or embryo with healthy mitochondria from a donor.
Oocyte vitrification: A process of freezing and storing eggs for use in later IVF.
Embryo biopsy: A procedure in which a small sample of cells is taken from an embryo for genetic testing.
"This subject involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cryopreservation of gametes or embryos, and/or the use of fertility medication."
"When used to address infertility, ART may also be referred to as fertility treatment."
"ART mainly belongs to the field of reproductive endocrinology and infertility."
"Some forms of ART may be used with regard to fertile couples for genetic purpose (see preimplantation genetic diagnosis)."
"ART may also be used in surrogacy arrangements, although not all surrogacy arrangements involve ART."
"The existence of sterility will not always require ART to be the first option to consider."
"...as there are occasions when its cause is a mild disorder that can be solved with more conventional treatments..."
"...behaviors based on promoting health and reproductive habits."
"This subject involves procedures used primarily to address infertility."
"This subject involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF)..."
"This subject involves procedures such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)..."
"This subject involves procedures such as cryopreservation of gametes or embryos..."
"This subject involves procedures such as...the use of fertility medication."
"ART mainly belongs to the field of reproductive endocrinology and infertility."
"Some forms of ART may be used with regard to fertile couples for genetic purpose (see preimplantation genetic diagnosis)."
"ART may also be used in surrogacy arrangements..."
"The existence of sterility will not always require ART to be the first option to consider..."
"...as there are occasions when its cause is a mild disorder that can be solved with more conventional treatments..."
"...with behaviors based on promoting health and reproductive habits."