"Health equity arises from access to the social determinants of health, specifically from wealth, power, and prestige."
The principle of fairness in healthcare, including access to care, allocation of resources, and distribution of benefits and burdens.
Autonomy: Respect for patient's ability to make decisions about their own healthcare.
Beneficence: Obligation to do good and prevent harm to patients.
Non-Maleficence: Obligation to not cause harm to patients.
Justice: Fair distribution of healthcare resources and access.
Informed consent: Ensuring patients have adequate information to make decisions about their healthcare.
Confidentiality: Protecting patient's privacy and sensitive information.
End of life care: Dealing with ethical issues surrounding the care of dying patients.
Allocation of scarce resources: Ethical decision making when resources such as organs or vaccines are limited.
Cultural competency: Respect for cultural differences and beliefs in healthcare.
Professionalism: Ethical standards for healthcare providers to follow.
Research misconduct: Ethical guidelines for conducting medical research.
Human experimentation: The use of human subjects in medical research.
Organ donation and transplantation: Ethical issues surrounding organ donation and transplantation.
Euthanasia: Controversial topic surrounding end of life care and assisted dying.
Disability and discrimination: Ensuring fair treatment and access to healthcare for people with disabilities.
Patient safety: Ethical considerations for preventing medical errors and ensuring patient safety.
Genetics and genomics: Ethical issues surrounding genetic testing and gene therapy.
Mental health: Ethical treatment of patients with mental illnesses.
Reproductive autonomy: Ethical issues related to reproductive health such as contraception and abortion.
Global health equity: Addressing ethical concerns surrounding healthcare allocation in low-income countries.
Distributive Justice: This concept refers to the allocation of goods and services in a society or community. It is often used in the medical field to determine how resources should be distributed to patients fairly. For example, distributive justice would demand that patients with greater medical needs should receive more resources than those with less severe needs.
Retributive Justice: This concept refers to the punishment given to individuals who have committed an ethical violation. Retributive justice seeks to punish the offender in a way that is proportionate to the severity of their action. For example, medical professionals who engage in malpractice may be punished through fines or revocation of their license.
Restorative Justice: This concept aims to repair the damage caused by an ethical violation. Unlike retributive justice, which focuses on punishing the offender, restorative justice focuses on healing the victim and restoring the relationship between the offender and the victim. In the medical field, this might involve apologizing to a patient who has been wronged or taking steps to improve patient care to prevent future ethical violations.
"Individuals who have consistently been deprived of these three determinants are significantly disadvantaged from health inequities, and face worse health outcomes than those who are able to access certain resources."
"It is not equity to simply provide every individual with the same resources; that would be equality."
"In order to achieve health equity, resources must be allocated based on an individual need-based principle."
"According to the World Health Organization, 'Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'."
"The quality of health and how health is distributed among economic and social status in a society can provide insight into the level of development within that society."
"Health is a basic human right and human need, and all human rights are interconnected."
"Health equity is defined by the CDC as 'the state in which everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain their highest level of health'."
"Health inequality is the term used in a number of countries to refer to those instances whereby the health of two demographic groups differs despite similar access to health care services."
"Health inequality can be further described as differences in health that are avoidable, unfair, and unjust, and cannot be explained by natural causes, such as biology, or differences in choice."
"If one population dies younger than another because of genetic differences, a non-remediable/controllable factor, we tend to say that there is a health inequality."
"If a population has a lower life expectancy due to lack of access to medications, the situation would be classified as a health inequity."
"These inequities may include differences in the 'presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to health care' between populations with a different race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or socioeconomic status."
"It is closely associated with the social justice movement, with good health considered a fundamental human right."
"The importance of equitable access to healthcare has been cited as crucial to achieving many of the Millennium Development Goals."
"Individuals who have consistently been deprived of these three determinants are significantly disadvantaged from health inequities, and face worse health outcomes than those who are able to access certain resources."
"Health equity arises from access to the social determinants of health, specifically from wealth, power, and prestige."
"In order to achieve health equity, resources must be allocated based on an individual need-based principle."
"According to the World Health Organization, 'Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'."
"Health is a basic human right and human need, and all human rights are interconnected."