"A zoonosis or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen that can jump from a non-human to a human and vice versa."
Transmitted from animals to humans, such as rabies, avian influenza, and West Nile virus.
Definition of zoonotic diseases: Understanding what zoonotic diseases mean, and the various types of pathogens that cause these diseases.
Pathogen transmission: The various methods that pathogens use to move from animals to humans, such as direct contact, vectors, and indirect contact.
The importance of animal health: The relationship between animal health and human health, as well as the need for proper vaccination and preventative measures to keep zoonotic diseases at bay.
Adapting Public Health Policy: The importance of public health policy in addressing zoonotic diseases, including the role of diagnostic tools and tracking systems in mitigating and preventing outbreaks.
Vector control: The methods used to reduce the spread of pathogens through vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and other insects.
Environmental factors: The role played by environmental factors in the spread of zoonotic diseases, including factors such as climate change and the destruction of habitats.
One Health approach: Understanding the importance of a "One Health" approach that addresses the connections between human, animal, and ecosystem health.
Antibiotic Resistance: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms, and the threats that these pose to human health.
Outbreak investigation: Techniques used to investigate disease outbreaks, including the use of laboratory testing, molecular epidemiology, and contact tracing.
Vaccines: Development and use of vaccines to prevent zoonotic diseases in humans as well as animals.
Risk assessment: The process of assessing the likelihood and consequences of exposure to zoonotic diseases.
Emerging zoonotic diseases: New and emerging zoonotic diseases such as COVID-19, their origins, and the potential impact of emerging diseases.
The roles of public health professionals: The roles and responsibilities of public health professionals in identifying, preventing, and controlling the spread of zoonotic diseases.
Surveillance and Early Warning Systems: The role of surveillance and early warning systems in the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases.
Personal protective equipment (PPE): The importance of PPE in preventing the transmission of zoonotic diseases while working closely with animals.
Global Health Organizations: The role of international organizations in monitoring and managing zoonotic diseases, and the benefits of global collaboration in dealing with global public health issues.
Education and Outreach: Importance of educating communities in the steps needed to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases, and the need for effective communication strategies to engage and inform the public.
Rabies: A viral disease that affects the central nervous system and is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, usually via bites.
Lyme disease: A bacterial infection that is spread by ticks and causes symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and a characteristic bull's-eye rash.
Ebola: A viral disease that causes severe fever, bleeding, and organ failure and is typically transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids.
Salmonella: A bacterial infection that is typically contracted through contaminated food or water and can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain.
West Nile virus: A viral infection that is spread through mosquito bites and can cause symptoms such as fever, headache, and body aches.
Plague: A bacterial infection that is typically spread through the bites of infected fleas and can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, and swollen lymph nodes.
Q fever: A bacterial infection that is typically contracted through inhalation of contaminated dust particles and can cause symptoms such as fever, cough, and fatigue.
Anthrax: A bacterial infection that can be contracted through contact with infected animals or their products and can cause symptoms ranging from skin infections to more severe respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
Hantavirus: A viral infection that is typically spread through contact with contaminated rodent droppings or urine and can cause symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, and respiratory distress.
Avian influenza (bird flu): A viral infection that is typically spread through contact with infected birds and can cause severe respiratory illness in humans.
"Major modern diseases such as Ebola virus disease and salmonellosis are zoonoses."
"HIV was a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans in the early part of the 20th century."
"Most strains of influenza that infect humans are human diseases, although many strains of bird flu and swine flu are zoonoses."
"Taenia solium infection is one of the neglected tropical diseases with public health and veterinary concern in endemic regions."
"Of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans, 61% were zoonotic."
"In direct zoonosis, the disease is directly transmitted from non-humans to humans through media such as air (influenza) or through bites and saliva (rabies)."
"When humans infect non-humans, it is called reverse zoonosis or anthroponosis."
"The term is from Greek: ζῷον zoon 'animal' and νόσος nosos 'sickness'."
"Host genetics plays an important role in determining which non-human viruses will be able to make copies of themselves in the human body."
"Dangerous non-human viruses are those that require few mutations to begin replicating themselves in human cells."
"These viruses are dangerous since the required combinations of mutations might randomly arise in the natural reservoir."
"Only diseases that routinely involve non-human to human transmission, such as rabies, are considered direct zoonoses."
"Transmission can also occur via an intermediate species (referred to as a vector), which carry the disease pathogen without getting sick."
"Influenza can be transmitted through the air, while rabies can be transmitted through bites and saliva."
"Taenia solium infection is one of the neglected tropical diseases with public health and veterinary concern in endemic regions."
"The transmission of diseases from non-humans to humans is called direct zoonosis."
"Most strains of influenza that infect humans are human diseases, although many strains of bird flu and swine flu are zoonoses."
"Most human diseases originated in non-humans."
"These viruses occasionally recombine with human strains of the flu and can cause pandemics such as the 1918 Spanish flu or the 2009 swine flu."