- "Fungal infection, also known as mycosis..."
Caused by fungi, such as ringworm, athlete's foot, and candidiasis.
Fungal taxonomy: Understanding the classification of fungi and their characteristics.
Fungal pathogenesis: Understanding how fungi cause diseases and how they infect human hosts.
Fungal morphology: Understanding the structure of fungal cells and how they grow.
Fungal virulence factors: Understanding the various factors that contribute to the pathogenicity of fungi.
Diagnosis of fungal infections: Understanding the methods used to diagnose fungal infections, including clinical symptoms, microscopy, culture, and molecular tests.
Antifungal agents: Understanding the various types of drugs used to treat fungal infections.
Mechanisms of antifungal drugs: Understanding how antifungal drugs work to treat fungal infections.
Fungal resistance: Understanding the development of resistance to antifungal drugs and the mechanisms involved.
Prevention of fungal infections: Understanding the measures that can be taken to prevent fungal infections, such as hygiene practices and vaccination.
Epidemiology of fungal infections: Understanding the distribution and prevalence of fungal infections in different populations and geographical regions.
Systemic fungal infections: Understanding the various types of systemic fungal infections, including candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and histoplasmosis.
Cutaneous fungal infections: Understanding the various types of skin infections caused by fungi, including ringworm, tinea, and onychomycosis.
Opportunistic fungal infections: Understanding the types of fungal infections that occur mainly in immunocompromised hosts, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or organ transplants.
Fungal toxins: Understanding the toxins produced by some fungi that can cause sickness or death in humans and animals.
Mycotoxins: Understanding the toxins produced by fungi that contaminate food and feed, leading to foodborne illnesses and economic losses.
Fungal ecology: Understanding the role of fungi in the ecosystem and their interactions with other organisms.
Fungal biotechnology: Understanding the applications of fungi in biotechnology, including production of enzymes, antibiotics, and biofuels.
Mycology in history: Understanding the historical significance of fungi in human culture, medicine, and agriculture.
Future research directions: Understanding the current research trends and future directions in fungal infections and their treatment.
Athlete's foot (tinea pedis): Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) is a contagious fungal infection that primarily affects the feet, causing itching, scaling, and redness.
Jock itch (tinea cruris): Jock itch (tinea cruris) is a common fungal infection that affects the groin area, causing redness, itching, and a rash.
Ringworm (tinea corporis): Ringworm (tinea corporis) is a highly contagious fungal infection that affects the skin, causing round, red, itchy rashes with a characteristic ring-like appearance.
Candidiasis (yeast infection): Candidiasis, also known as a yeast infection, is a common fungal infection caused by Candida yeast, often affecting the skin, mouth, throat, genitalia, or bloodstream.
Thrush (oral candidiasis): Thrush, or oral candidiasis, is a fungal infection that causes white or yellowish patches on the mouth, tongue, and throat, often associated with pain and difficulty swallowing.
Onychomycosis (fungal nail infection): Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection characterized by the invasion of the nails by dermatophytes, yeasts, or molds, leading to discoloration, thickening, and brittleness of the nails.
Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis): Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) is a fungal infection caused by inhalation of spores from the Coccidioides fungus, often found in arid regions, and can lead to flu-like symptoms and severe complications.
Aspergillosis: Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by the Aspergillus species, commonly affecting the respiratory system and potentially spreading to other organs in individuals with weakened immune systems.
Histoplasmosis: Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by inhaling spores of the Histoplasma capsulatum fungus, commonly found in soil with bird or bat droppings, resulting in flu-like symptoms or severe respiratory illness.
Cryptococcosis: Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal infection primarily affecting the lungs and the central nervous system, caused by the yeast Cryptococcus.
Blastomycosis: Blastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by the inhalation of spores from the fungus Blastomyces, primarily affecting the lungs but can spread to other body parts.
Pneumocystis pneumonia: Pneumocystis pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening fungal lung infection commonly occurring in people with weakened immune systems.
Sporotrichosis: Sporotrichosis is a chronic fungal infection caused by Sporothrix species that typically affects the skin and lymphatic system.
Fusarium infection: Fusarium infection is a type of fungal infection caused by the Fusarium species, leading to various clinical manifestations primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals.
Mucormycosis: Mucormycosis is a rare but serious fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes that most commonly affects the sinuses, lungs, and brain.
Candida auris: Candida auris is a multi-drug resistant yeast that causes serious and difficult-to-treat fungal infections, posing a significant threat to public health.
Geotrichosis: Geotrichosis is a rare fungal infection caused by the Geotrichum species, which primarily affects the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
Dermatophytosis: Dermatophytosis refers to a contagious fungal infection that affects the skin, hair, or nails, typically caused by dermatophyte fungi.
Talaromycosis: Talaromycosis, also known as penicilliosis, is a systemic fungal infection caused by the fungus Talaromyces marneffei, primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals in Southeast Asia.
Paracoccidioidomycosis: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection primarily affecting the lungs and other organs, caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis or Paracoccidioides lutzii.
- "Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic."
- "Superficial fungal infections include common tinea of the skin, such as tinea of the body, groin, hands, feet and beard, and yeast infections such as pityriasis versicolor."
- "Subcutaneous types include eumycetoma and chromoblastomycosis, which generally affect tissues in and beneath the skin."
- "Systemic fungal infections are more serious and include cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, aspergillosis and mucormycosis."
- "Signs and symptoms range widely. There is usually a rash with superficial infection. Fungal infection within the skin or under the skin may present with a lump and skin changes. Pneumonia-like symptoms or meningitis may occur with a deeper or systemic infection."
- "Fungal infection occurs after spores are either breathed in, come into contact with skin or enter the body through the skin such as via a cut, wound or injection."
- "It is more likely to occur in people with a weak immune system. This includes people with illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, and people taking medicines such as steroids or cancer treatments."
- "Fungi that cause infections in people include yeasts, molds and fungi that are able to exist as both a mold and yeast."
- "The yeast Candida albicans can live in people without producing symptoms, and is able to cause both superficial mild candidiasis in healthy people, such as oral thrush or vaginal yeast infection..."
- "Diagnosis is generally based on signs and symptoms, microscopy, culture, sometimes requiring a biopsy and the aid of medical imaging."
- "Some superficial fungal infections of the skin can appear similar to other skin conditions such as eczema and lichen planus."
- "Treatment is generally performed using antifungal medicines, usually in the form of a cream or by mouth or injection, depending on the specific infection and its extent."
- "Some require surgically cutting out infected tissue."
- "Fungal infections have a world-wide distribution and are common, affecting more than one billion people every year."
- "An estimated 1.7 million deaths from fungal disease were reported in 2020."
- "Several, including sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis and mycetoma are neglected."
- "A wide range of fungal infections occur in other animals..."
- "Some can be transmitted from animals to people."
- "Fungi, molds, and fungi that are able to exist as both a mold and yeast are the causative agents of fungal infections."