"Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease."
Caused by bacteria, such as strep throat, tuberculosis, and urinary tract infections.
Bacterial taxonomy and classification: Understanding the different types of bacteria and how they are categorized can help in identifying the specific bacteria causing an infection.
Bacterial pathogenesis: Studying how bacteria cause disease, invade host cells, and evade the immune system is crucial in understanding bacterial infections.
Bacterial virulence factors: These are compounds or structures that allow bacteria to cause disease in the host, such as toxins, surface proteins, and enzymes.
Bacterial transmission: Understanding how bacteria spread and infect humans is important in preventing and controlling infectious diseases.
Bacterial antibiotic resistance: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major global health threat, and learning about resistance mechanisms and strategies to combat it is crucial.
Diagnosis of bacterial infections: Different methods for detecting and identifying bacteria, including culture, microscopy, and molecular techniques, are used in diagnosis.
Antibiotic therapy: Antibiotics are a mainstay in treating bacterial infections, and learning about the different classes of antibiotics, their mechanisms of action, and indications for use is important.
Vaccine development: Vaccines are an important tool in preventing bacterial infections, and studying the principles of vaccine design is necessary in developing effective vaccines.
Epidemiology of bacterial infections: Understanding the prevalence, incidence, and distribution of bacterial infections is important in public health and disease control.
Clinical management of bacterial infections: Learning about the principles of clinical management, including antimicrobial stewardship, infection control, and patient care, is necessary in treating bacterial infections.
Streptococcal Infection: Caused by Streptococcus bacteria, and can result in sore throat, scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, pneumonia, and other serious infections.
Staphylococcal Infection: Caused by Staphylococcus bacteria can lead to food poisoning, skin and soft tissue infections, and bone and joint infections.
Tuberculosis: TB is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and can manifest as pulmonary or extrapulmonary TB, which can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition.
Meningitis: Caused by bacterial meningitis such as Neisseria meningitidis or Streptococcus pneumoniae and can lead to inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.
Lyme Disease: An infectious disease transmitted by deer ticks, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria, and can result in flu-like symptoms, joint pain, and neurological disorders.
Anthrax: A rare but potentially fatal infection caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria.
Salmonellosis: Caused by the bacteria in the Salmonella family and can result in diarrhea, nausea, fever, and abdominal pain.
Pertussis or Whooping Cough: A highly contagious infection that predominantly affects school-age children, caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria.
Gonorrhea: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria.
Chlamydia: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): A bacterial infection that can affect any part of the urinary system, including the bladder, kidneys, and ureters, and can lead to symptoms like dysuria, urinary frequency or urgency, and lower abdominal pain.
Tetanus: Caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria, tetanus can result in muscle stiffness, spasms, and can be a life-threatening condition.
Pneumonia: Caused by a variety of bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Legionella pneumophila, and can lead to inflammation of the lungs and difficulty breathing.
Diphtheria: A bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria that can produce a toxin leading to severe respiratory problems and heart failure.
Botulism: Caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, which can produce a toxin that affects the nervous system and can lead to paralysis and respiratory failure.
"The number of these pathogenic species in humans is estimated to be fewer than a hundred."
"The body is continually exposed to many species of bacteria, including beneficial commensals, which grow on the skin and mucous membranes, and saprophytes, which grow mainly in the soil and in decaying matter."
"The body has defence mechanisms that enable it to resist microbial invasion of its tissues and give it a natural immunity or innate resistance against many microorganisms."
"Pathogenic bacteria are specially adapted and endowed with mechanisms for overcoming the normal body defences, and can invade parts of the body, such as the blood, where bacteria are not normally found."
"but infection usually occurs only if the body's defence mechanisms are damaged by some local trauma or an underlying debilitating disease, such as wounding, intoxication, chilling, fatigue, and malnutrition."
"In many cases, it is important to differentiate infection and colonization, which is when the bacteria are causing little or no harm."
"Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, one of the diseases with the highest disease burden is tuberculosis."
"which killed 1.4 million people in 2019"
"pneumonia, which can be caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas"
"foodborne illnesses, which can be caused by bacteria such as Shigella, Campylobacter, and Salmonella."
"pathogenic bacteria also cause infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, and leprosy."
"Pathogenic bacteria are also the cause of high infant mortality rates in developing countries."
"A GBD study estimated the global death rates from (33) bacterial pathogens, finding such infections contributed to one in 8 deaths (or ~7.7 million deaths)."
"Bacteria grown in this way are often tested to find which antibiotics will be an effective treatment for the infection."
"For hitherto unknown pathogens, Koch's postulates are the standard to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease."