"Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising, bone pain, fatigue, fever, and an increased risk of infections."
A group of cancers that affect the blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow and result in the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
Hematopoiesis: The process of formation and development of blood cells.
Types of leukemia: Acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Risk factors: Exposure to radiation, chemicals, heredity, previous chemotherapy treatments.
Signs and symptoms: Fatigue, easy bruising, frequent infections, swollen lymph nodes, bone pain.
Diagnosis: Blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, genetic testing.
Staging: The process of determining the extent and progression of the disease.
Prognosis: The likelihood of recovery and long-term survival.
Treatment options: Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, bone marrow transplant, targeted therapy, immunotherapy.
Side effects of treatment: Nausea, hair loss, fatigue, increased risk of infections, anemia.
Supportive care: Management of symptoms and side effects, psychological support, nutritional support.
Clinical trials: Experimental treatments and therapies being tested for effectiveness and safety.
Alternative therapies: Complementary and alternative medicine options such as massage therapy, meditation, and acupuncture.
Long-term effects: The potential impact that leukemia and its treatment can have on a person’s physical and emotional health.
Survivorship: Life after leukemia, including follow-up care, monitoring for recurrence, and making lifestyle adjustments.
Research: The ongoing exploration of new and innovative treatments, therapies, and diagnostic tools for leukemia.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): This type of leukemia starts from immature lymphocytes, and it is most commonly found in children.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): This type of leukemia starts in the bone marrow and is more common in adults.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): This type of leukemia is a slow-growing cancer of mature lymphocytes and is more common in older adults.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): This type of leukemia starts in the bone marrow and causes the white blood cells to grow uncontrollably.
Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL): This type of leukemia gets its name from the fine hair-like projections on the surface of the cancerous cells.
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL): This type of leukemia is characterized by an increase in the number of atypical lymphocytes in the bloodstream.
T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia (T-PLL): This type of leukemia is extremely rare and is characterized by the overgrowth of mature T-cells.
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML): This type of leukemia is a rare blood cancer that affects infants and young children, and it is caused by genetic mutations.
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL): This type of leukemia is an extremely rare and aggressive form of leukemia that affects B-cells.
Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) or MLL-rearranged leukemia: This type of leukemia is caused by genetic mutations that affect the MLL gene.
Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL): This type of leukemia is rare and has both lymphoblastic and myeloid features, making it difficult to diagnose and treat.
Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL): This type of leukemia affects immature lymphocytes and can occur in the lymph nodes, thymus, and bone marrow.
T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL): This type of leukemia affects immature T-cells and can occur in the lymph nodes, thymus, and bone marrow.
Hodgkin's lymphoma: This type of leukemia is characterized by the presence of abnormal Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: This type of leukemia includes all types of lymphoma that do not involve Reed-Sternberg cells.
"Diagnosis is typically made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy."
"Risk factors include smoking, ionizing radiation, petrochemicals (such as benzene), prior chemotherapy, and Down syndrome."
"There are four main types of leukemia—acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)—as well as a number of less common types."
"Leukemias and lymphomas both belong to a broader group of tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid system, known as tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues."
"Treatment may involve some combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and bone marrow transplant, in addition to supportive care and palliative care as needed."
"The success of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the person. Outcomes have improved in the developed world. Five-year survival rate is 65% in the United States."
"It is the most common type of cancer in children, with three-quarters of leukemia cases in children being the acute lymphoblastic type."
"In 2015, leukemia was present in 2.3 million people worldwide and caused 353,500 deaths. In 2012, it had newly developed in 352,000 people."
"Over 90% of all leukemias are diagnosed in adults, with CLL and AML being most common in adults."
"In children under 15 in first-world countries, the five-year survival rate is greater than 60% or even 90%, depending on the type of leukemia."
"These blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells. Symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells."
"A combination of genetic factors and environmental (non-inherited) factors are believed to play a role."
"Risk factors include smoking, ionizing radiation, petrochemicals (such as benzene), prior chemotherapy, and Down syndrome."
"Leukemias and lymphomas both belong to a broader group of tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid system, known as tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues."
"Certain types of leukemia may be managed with watchful waiting."
"Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising, bone pain, fatigue, fever, and an increased risk of infections."
"The exact cause of leukemia is unknown."
"In children with acute leukemia who are cancer-free after five years, the cancer is unlikely to return."
"It occurs more commonly in the developed world."