Quote: "Anemia or anaemia (British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin."
A condition in which there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
Intro to Anemia: A general overview of the concept of anemia, including the definition, classification, and etiology.
Hemoglobin structure and function: A detailed analysis of the structure and function of hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen in the blood.
Iron metabolism and absorption: An examination of the role of iron in the development of anemia, including an overview of iron metabolism and absorption.
Erythropoiesis: A detailed analysis of the process of erythropoiesis, including the regulation of erythropoietin, the role of stem cells, and the production of red blood cells.
Classification of anemia: An overview of the various types of anemia and their classification based on cellular morphology and underlying etiology.
Clinical presentation of anemia: Key signs and symptoms of anemia, including fatigue, paleness of skin, and heart palpitations.
Diagnostic tests: An overview of the diagnostic tests used to identify and classify anemia, including complete blood count (CBC), serum iron studies, and bone marrow aspiration.
Anemia treatment: An analysis of the various treatment options for anemia, including iron supplementation, blood transfusion, and erythropoietin therapy.
Nutritional anemia: A detailed examination of anemia resulting from nutrient deficiencies such as iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid.
Hemolytic anemia: An overview of hemolytic anemia, a condition characterized by the premature destruction of red blood cells, including the causes and treatment options.
Sickle cell anemia: An in-depth analysis of sickle cell anemia, a genetic disorder that results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin, leading to anemia and numerous complications.
Thalassemia: An examination of thalassemia, a group of inherited blood disorders that result in the impairment of hemoglobin production.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: An overview of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys red blood cells.
Aplastic anemia: An analysis of aplastic anemia, a rare and serious condition in which the bone marrow fails to produce enough red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Normocytic anemia: An overview of normocytic anemia, a condition where the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is within normal range, but the concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells is abnormally low.
Macrocytic anemia: An overview of macrocytic anemia, a condition where the MCV is larger than normal, but the concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells may be normal or low.
Microcytic anemia: An overview of microcytic anemia, a condition where the MCV is smaller than normal, and concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells is also low.
Hematologic disorders related to anemia: An overview of blood disorders related to anemia including leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphoma.
Complications of anemia: Key complications associated with anemia, including heart disease, pregnancy complications such as preterm labor, and increased risk of infections.
Epidemiology of anemia: An overview of the prevalence of anemia across the world.
Iron-deficiency anemia: This is the most common type of anemia where the body does not have enough iron to produce hemoglobin, leading to low levels of red blood cells.
Vitamin deficiency anemia: This type of anemia occurs when the body does not have enough vitamin B12 or folic acid to produce enough red blood cells.
Hemolytic anemia: This occurs when the body destroys red blood cells faster than it can replace them.
Aplastic anemia: This occurs when the body fails to produce enough red blood cells, white blood cells, and/or platelets.
Sickle cell anemia: This is an inherited disorder where the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and can cause blockages in blood vessels.
Thalassemia: This is an inherited disorder where the body produces abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in fewer healthy red blood cells.
Pernicious anemia: This occurs when the body cannot absorb vitamin B12 from the diet, leading to low levels of red blood cells.
Fanconi anemia: This is an inherited disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells.
Diamond-Blackfan anemia: This is an inherited disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce enough red blood cells.
Myelodysplastic syndromes: These are a group of disorders where the bone marrow produces abnormal blood cells.
G6PD deficiency: This is an inherited disorder where the red blood cells are sensitive to certain medications and foods, causing them to break down.
Acanthocyte anemia: This occurs when the red blood cells have a spiky appearance, usually indicating liver disease or other underlying health problems.
Quote: "When anemia comes on slowly, the symptoms are often vague, such as tiredness, weakness, shortness of breath, headaches, and a reduced ability to exercise."
Quote: "When anemia is acute, symptoms may include confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out, loss of consciousness, and increased thirst."
Quote: "Anemia must be significant before a person becomes noticeably pale. Symptoms of anemia depend on how quickly hemoglobin decreases."
Quote: "Anemia can be caused by blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, and increased red blood cell breakdown."
Quote: "Causes of bleeding include bleeding due to inflammation of the stomach or intestines, bleeding from surgery, serious injury, or blood donation."
Quote: "Causes of decreased production include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thalassemia, and a number of bone marrow tumors."
Quote: "Causes of increased breakdown include genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia, infections such as malaria, and certain autoimmune diseases."
Quote: "Anemia can also be classified based on the size of the red blood cells and amount of hemoglobin in each cell."
Quote: "The diagnosis of anemia in men is based on a hemoglobin of less than 130 to 140 g/L (13 to 14 g/dL); in women, it is less than 120 to 130 g/L (12 to 13 g/dL)."
Quote: "Dietary supplementation, without determining the specific cause, is not recommended."
Quote: "Certain groups of individuals, such as pregnant women, benefit from the use of iron pills for prevention."
Quote: "The use of blood transfusions is typically based on a person's signs and symptoms. In those without symptoms, they are not recommended unless hemoglobin levels are less than 60 to 80 g/L (6 to 8 g/dL)."
Quote: "Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are only recommended in those with severe anemia."
Quote: "Anemia is the most common blood disorder, affecting about a fifth to a third of the global population."
Quote: "Iron-deficiency anemia affects nearly 1 billion people."
Quote: "In 2013, anemia due to iron deficiency resulted in about 183,000 deaths – down from 213,000 deaths in 1990."
Quote: "This condition is most prevalent in children with also an above average prevalence in elderly and women of reproductive age (especially during pregnancy)."
Quote: "Anemia is one of the six WHO global nutrition targets for 2025 and for diet-related global targets endorsed by World Health Assembly in 2012 and 2013."
Quote: "Efforts to reach global targets contribute to reaching Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with anemia as one of the targets in SDG 2 for achieving zero world hunger."