- "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure consisting of chest compressions often combined with artificial ventilation, or mouth to mouth in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest."
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a life-saving technique used to restore cardiac and respiratory functions in patients who have experienced cardiac arrest or respiratory distress.
Basic Life Support (BLS): This includes chest compressions, cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques, and airway management.
Automated External Defibrillator (AED): An AED is used to deliver an electric shock to the heart during cardiac arrest.
Anatomy and physiology: Understanding the structure and function of the heart and lungs is crucial in assessing and responding to emergencies.
Cardiac emergencies: This covers the identification and management of heart attacks, cardiac arrest, and other cardiac issues.
Respiratory emergencies: This covers the identification and management of asthma, choking, and other respiratory issues that may impede breathing.
Response plan: Knowing how to call for help, coordinate efforts with emergency medical services, and communicate with others during an emergency is critical.
Use of barrier devices: Barriers such as gloves, masks, and gowns are used to protect both the responder and the victim from infections and other contaminants.
Personal protective equipment (PPE): This covers personal protection equipment, including face shields, goggles, and other protective gear that can prevent infection.
Scene safety: Understanding how to assess and ensure the safety of the victim and rescuers at the scene of the emergency.
Special considerations: This covers how to address the specific needs of different populations, including pediatric and geriatric patients, and those with cognitive or physical disabilities.
Teamwork and collaboration: Being able to work effectively in a team, communicate effectively, and support one another during a crisis is essential for success in emergency medicine.
Emergency response protocols: Understanding how emergency medical services respond to different scenarios can help responders to better coordinate their efforts and work collaboratively with other agencies.
Basic life support (BLS) CPR: This type of CPR is a simplified version of CPR that is taught to the general public. It involves chest compressions and rescue breaths.
Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) CPR: This type of CPR is a more complex form of CPR that is designed for healthcare professionals. It includes advanced airway management, intravenous drug administration, and other advanced techniques.
Pediatric CPR: This type of CPR is designed for infants and children, and involves specialized techniques such as smaller chest compressions and modified rescue breaths.
Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) CPR: This type of CPR is specifically designed for newborns who require resuscitation after birth.
Hands-only CPR: This type of CPR involves chest compressions only, without rescue breaths. It is recommended for untrained individuals who may be hesitant to give rescue breaths due to fears of infection or other concerns.
Continuous chest compressions CPR: Also known as hands-only CPR with continuous chest compressions, this technique involves providing uninterrupted chest compressions with minimal breaks for rescue breaths.
Compression-only CPR: This type of CPR involves providing continuous chest compressions without any pauses for rescue breaths. It can be performed by trained individuals or by an automated external defibrillator (AED).
Modified CPR: This type of CPR involves modified techniques for individuals with unique medical needs, such as pregnant women, obese individuals, or individuals with disabilities.
Simulation-based CPR: This type of CPR involves simulated scenarios where healthcare professionals can practice their CPR skills in a controlled environment. Simulations can involve a variety of patient populations and emergency scenarios.
High-performance CPR: This type of CPR involves using advanced techniques such as automated devices and feedback systems to optimize chest compressions and increase survival rates.
Hypothermia therapy CPR: This type of CPR involves using hypothermia therapy (cooling the body) to improve outcomes for individuals who have suffered a cardiac arrest.
Team-based CPR: This type of CPR involves coordinated efforts between healthcare professionals, such as doctors, nurses, and emergency medical technicians, to provide effective and timely CPR. This approach can improve outcomes for individuals who experience a cardiac arrest.
- "It is recommended for those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing, for example, agonal respirations."
- "CPR involves chest compressions for adults between 5 cm (2.0 in) and 6 cm (2.4 in) deep and at a rate of at least 100 to 120 per minute."
- "The rescuer may also provide artificial ventilation by either exhaling air into the subject's mouth or nose (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation) or using a device that pushes air into the subject's lungs (mechanical ventilation)."
- "Current recommendations place emphasis on early and high-quality chest compressions over artificial ventilation; a simplified CPR method involving only chest compressions is recommended for untrained rescuers."
- "2015 American Heart Association guidelines indicate that doing only compressions may actually result in worse outcomes, because such problems in children normally arise from respiratory issues rather than from cardiac ones, given their young age."
- "CPR alone is unlikely to restart the heart. Its main purpose is to restore the partial flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart."
- "The objective is to delay tissue death and to extend the brief window of opportunity for a successful resuscitation without permanent brain damage."
- "Administration of an electric shock to the subject's heart, termed defibrillation, is usually needed to restore a viable, or 'perfusing,' heart rhythm."
- "Defibrillation is effective only for certain heart rhythms, namely ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia."
- "Early shock, when appropriate, is recommended. CPR may succeed in inducing a heart rhythm that may be shockable."
- "CPR is continued until the person has a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or is declared dead."
- "CPR involves chest compressions often combined with artificial ventilation... to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing."
- "It is recommended for those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing, for example, agonal respirations."
- "CPR involves chest compressions for adults... at a rate of at least 100 to 120 per minute."
- "CPR alone is unlikely to restart the heart. Its main purpose is to restore the partial flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart."
- "The objective is to delay tissue death and to extend the brief window of opportunity for a successful resuscitation without permanent brain damage."
- "Administration of an electric shock to the subject's heart, termed defibrillation, is usually needed to restore a viable, or 'perfusing,' heart rhythm."
- "Defibrillation is effective only for certain heart rhythms, namely ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia."
- "CPR is continued until the person has a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or is declared dead."