"Respiratory diseases, or lung diseases, are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals."
Study of the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases like asthma, COPD, pneumonia, bronchitis etc. as well as their diagnosis, treatment and management.
Anatomy of the respiratory system: Study of the structure and functions of the respiratory system – the lungs, airways, and respiratory muscles.
Physiology of the respiratory system: Study of the body's mechanisms for breathing and gas exchange.
Airflow mechanics: Study of how direction and pressure of airflow affects the respiratory system and the body as a whole.
Gas exchange and transport: Study of how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported throughout the body, and how they are exchanged between air and blood.
Pulmonary circulation: Study of the blood vessels that transport blood to and from the lungs.
Lung ventilation: Study of the process of inhaling and exhaling air through the lungs.
Respiratory muscles: Study of the muscles that control breathing.
Lung volumes and capacities: Study of the amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled during various breathing patterns.
Gas laws: Study of the physical laws that describe the behavior of gases, and how these laws apply to the respiratory system.
Pathophysiology of respiratory diseases: Study of the underlying biological mechanisms that cause respiratory diseases, such as asthma, COPD, and lung cancer.
Diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases: Study of the methods used to diagnose respiratory diseases, and the various treatments available.
Occupational respiratory diseases: Study of respiratory diseases caused by exposure to hazardous substances in the workplace.
Environmental respiratory diseases: Study of respiratory diseases caused by exposure to outdoor air pollution, indoor air pollution, or other environmental factors.
Infectious respiratory diseases: Study of respiratory diseases caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Respiratory drugs and therapies: Study of the drugs and therapies used to treat respiratory diseases, and their mechanisms of action.
Asthma: A chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways, causing difficulty breathing.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A group of lung diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing difficulties, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Pneumonia: An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, causing coughing, fever, and chest pain.
Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs, causing coughing, weight loss, and fatigue.
Lung Cancer: A condition where cancer cells grow uncontrollably in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties and coughing up blood.
Pulmonary Embolism: A blockage in one or more of the arteries in the lungs, usually caused by a blood clot.
Pleural Effusion: A buildup of fluid in the space between the lining of the lungs and the chest wall, leading to breathing difficulties.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS): A condition where the lungs of a premature baby aren't fully developed, leading to difficulty breathing.
Sleep Apnea: A disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, leading to loud snoring and fatigue.
Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems, causing thick mucus to build up in the lungs.
Pulmonary Hypertension: A condition where the blood pressure in the lungs is higher than normal, leading to breathing difficulties and fatigue.
Sarcoidosis: A condition where abnormal cells group together in the lungs, leading to scarring and breathing difficulties.
Pulmonary Fibrosis: A condition where the tissues in the lungs become scarred, leading to breathing difficulties.
Bronchiectasis: A condition where the airways in the lungs become damaged and widened, leading to chronic cough and frequent respiratory infections.
Occupational Lung Diseases: Respiratory diseases caused by exposure to harmful substances in the workplace, including coal dust, asbestos, and silica dust.
"They include conditions of the respiratory tract including the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleurae, pleural cavity, the nerves and muscles of respiration."
"Respiratory diseases range from mild and self-limiting, such as the common cold, influenza, and pharyngitis..."
"...to life-threatening diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis, acute asthma, lung cancer, and severe acute respiratory syndromes, such as COVID-19."
"Respiratory diseases can be classified in many different ways, including by the organ or tissue involved, by the type and pattern of associated signs and symptoms, or by the cause of the disease."
"The study of respiratory disease is known as pulmonology."
"A physician who specializes in respiratory disease is known as a pulmonologist, a chest medicine specialist, a respiratory medicine specialist, a respirologist or a thoracic medicine specialist."
"...respiratory tract including the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleurae, pleural cavity..."
"Examples of viral respiratory diseases include the common cold and influenza."
"Examples of severe acute respiratory syndromes include COVID-19."
"...life-threatening diseases such as pulmonary embolism..."
"Respiratory diseases can be classified [...] by the type and pattern of associated signs and symptoms."
"A physician who specializes in respiratory disease is known as a pulmonologist, a chest medicine specialist, a respiratory medicine specialist, a respirologist or a thoracic medicine specialist."
"...bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis, acute asthma, lung cancer..."
"Examples of mild and self-limiting respiratory diseases include the common cold."
"...organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals."
"...nerves and muscles of respiration."
"Respiratory diseases can be classified [...] by the cause of the disease."
"Examples of life-threatening respiratory diseases include pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis, acute asthma, lung cancer, and severe acute respiratory syndromes such as COVID-19."
"The study of respiratory disease is known as pulmonology."