"In physiology, respiration is the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction that's to the environment."
Study of how air is drawn into the lungs, processed and released from the body by examining the respiratory cycle, lung volumes, gas exchange, and control of breathing by the respiratory center.
Anatomy of the Respiratory System: It's the study of the structure of the respiratory system, which includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm.
Functions of the Respiratory System: The respiratory system performs various essential functions, including gas exchange, pH regulation, and immune defense.
Mechanics of Breathing: The movement of air in and out of the lungs during the process of breathing.
Lung Volumes and Capacities: Variables defining the volume of air inside and outside the lungs, including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, and vital capacity.
Gas Exchange Physiology: The process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between the lungs and the bloodstream, and the body's tissues and the bloodstream.
Control of Breathing: The regulation of the respiratory system by the Central Nervous System and the peripheral receptors.
Respiratory System Diseases: Common respiratory conditions, including asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), bronchitis, pneumonia, and lung cancer.
Smoking and Lung Diseases: Effects of smoking on the Respiratory System and the risk of acquiring lung diseases.
Exercise Physiology of Respiration: The adaptation of the Respiratory System to exercise, including changes in breathing patterns, lung ventilation, gas exchange, and cardiovascular response.
Advanced Diagnostics of Respiratory Complications: Latest diagnostic modalities used for respiratory conditions, including spirometry, arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary function tests, and bronchoscopy.
Pulmonary ventilation: The movement of air into and out of the lungs.
External respiration: The exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.
Transport of gases: The transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood by hemoglobin and other transport molecules.
Internal respiration: The exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the systemic capillaries and the tissues.
Cellular respiration: The utilization of oxygen by the cells to produce energy through cellular metabolism.
Control of respiration: The regulation of breathing through the respiratory center in the brainstem and other feedback mechanisms.
"The physiological definition of respiration differs from the biochemical definition, which refers to a metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH) by oxidizing nutrients and releasing waste products."
"Although physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in animals, the processes are distinct: cellular respiration takes place in individual cells of the organism, while physiologic respiration concerns the diffusion and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment."
"Gas exchanges in the lung occur by ventilation and perfusion."
"Ventilation refers to the in and out movement of air of the lungs..."
"Perfusion is the circulation of blood in the pulmonary capillaries."
"In mammals, physiological respiration involves respiratory cycles of inhaled and exhaled breaths."
"Contraction of the diaphragm muscle causes a pressure variation, which is equal to the pressures caused by elastic, resistive and inertial components of the respiratory system."
"Exhalation (breathing out) is usually a passive process, though there are many exceptions..."
"...powerlifting, when exhaling underwater (swimming, diving), at high levels of physiological exertion (running, climbing, throwing)..."
"The process of breathing does not fill the alveoli with atmospheric air during each inhalation (about 350 ml per breath), but the inhaled air is carefully diluted and thoroughly mixed with a large volume of gas (about 2.5 liters in adult humans) known as the functional residual capacity which remains in the lungs after each exhalation."
"Physiological respiration involves the mechanisms that ensure that the composition of the functional residual capacity is kept constant, and equilibrates with the gases dissolved in the pulmonary capillary blood, and thus throughout the body."
"During respiration, the C-H bonds are broken by oxidation-reduction reaction, and so carbon dioxide and water are also produced."
"The cellular energy-yielding process is called cellular respiration."
"Thus, in precise usage, the words breathing and ventilation are hyponyms, not synonyms, of respiration..."
"...even though it would need to be consistently replaced with ventilation rate if the precise usage were to be followed."
"Physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in animals."
"In physiology, respiration is the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues..."
"The inhaled air is carefully diluted and thoroughly mixed with a large volume of gas (about 2.5 liters in adult humans) known as the functional residual capacity which remains in the lungs after each exhalation..."
"During respiration, the C-H bonds are broken by oxidation-reduction reaction, and so carbon dioxide and water are also produced."