Pathology

Histology: The study of tissues and how they form the basis of the musculoskeletal system.

Anatomy: The study of the structure of the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, and muscles.

Physiology: The study of the function of the musculoskeletal system, including how bones, joints, and muscles work together to allow movement and support.

Biomechanics: The study of the forces that act on the musculoskeletal system during movement, and how they affect joint and muscle function.

Pathology: The study of abnormal changes in the musculoskeletal system, including disease, injury, and deformities.

Radiology: The use of X-rays and other imaging techniques to diagnose musculoskeletal conditions and injuries.

Orthopedics: The medical specialty focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

Physical therapy: The use of therapeutic exercises, modalities, and manual techniques to promote mobility, reduce pain, restore function, and prevent disability.

Sports medicine: The medical specialty focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of sports-related injuries.

Osteoporosis: A condition in which the bones become weak and brittle, often leading to fractures and disability.

Arthritis: It is the inflammation of one or more joints of the body, causing pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. Arthritis affects people of all ages, sexes, and races.

Osteoporosis: It is a bone disease characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is most common in postmenopausal women and elderly individuals.

Fractures: A fracture occurs when a bone is broken due to direct or indirect force. Fractures can be caused by falls, sports injuries, or trauma.

Osteoarthritis: It is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage that cushions the joints. Osteoarthritis mostly occurs in the knees, hips, and hands and can cause severe pain and disability.

Muscular dystrophy: It is a group of genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and wasting of the muscles. Persons with muscular dystrophy have difficulty performing everyday activities and need assistance with mobility.

Osteomyelitis: It is a bone infection caused by bacteria or fungi. It can lead to bone destruction, bone necrosis, and tissue damage.

Scoliosis: It is a curvature of the spine that can cause back pain, reduce lung function, and affect posture. Scoliosis can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in adolescents.

Tendinitis: It is the inflammation of a tendon that connects muscle to bone. Tendinitis can cause pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion.

Bursitis: It is the inflammation of the bursa, a small sac of fluid that cushions the joints. Bursitis commonly affects the shoulder, elbow, and hip and can cause pain and swelling.

Gout: It is a type of arthritis caused by the build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints. Gout can cause sudden and severe pain, swelling, and redness in the affected joints.