"Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility."
Explain the structure and function of bones, including the different types of bone tissue, bone cells, and bone growth.
Skeletal system: The skeletal system includes the bones, joints, ligaments, and cartilage that make up the body's framework.
Bone classification: Bones can be classified based on their shape or location in the body.
Bone anatomy: Bones have a complex internal structure that includes the periosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, and bone marrow.
Bone growth and development: Bones grow and develop through a process called ossification, which involves the deposition of calcium and other minerals.
Bone remodeling: Throughout life, bones undergo a process of constant remodeling to maintain their structure and function.
Bone fractures: A fracture is a break in a bone that can occur due to trauma, disease, or other factors.
Joint structure and function: Joints are the points where bones meet, and they allow movement and stability within the body.
Cartilage: Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that acts as a cushion and support for joints.
Skeletal muscle: Skeletal muscles are the muscles that attach to bones and allow for movement of the body.
Muscle physiology: Muscles contract and relax to generate force and movement in the body.
Muscle fiber types: Muscles have different types of fibers that allow them to perform different functions.
Muscle metabolism: Muscles use energy to contract and relax, and this energy comes from different metabolic pathways.
Muscle adaptation: Muscle fibers can adapt to changes in exercise, diet, and other factors to improve their function.
Bone and muscle disorders: Various disorders can affect the bones and muscles, including osteoporosis, arthritis, and muscular dystrophy.
Long Bones: They are longer than they are wide, and are found in the arms, legs, fingers, and toes. They support weight and facilitate movement.
Short Bones: They are nearly equal in length, width and thickness, and are found in the wrist and ankle. They provide stability and support.
Flat Bones: They are flat and thin, and are found in the skull, ribs, and scapula. They protect internal organs and provide attachment sites for muscles.
Irregular Bones: They vary in shape and size, and are found in the vertebrae, pelvic bones and facial bones. They provide support and protect internal organs.
Sesamoid Bones: They are small, pea-shaped bones, found embedded within tendons, ligaments or muscles. They protect tendons from wear and tear, and increase leverage of muscles.
Periosteum: A tough membrane that covers the outer surface of bones. It serves as attachment site for muscles, tendons and ligaments, and supplies blood to bones.
Bone Marrow: A soft, spongy tissue that produces blood cells and stores fat.
Compact Bone: Dense, hard outer layer of bone that forms the shaft of long bones. It provides support and protection.
Spongy Bone: Porous and honeycomb-like, found at the ends of long bones and inside flat bones. It contains bone marrow and provides support.
Articular Cartilage: A smooth, slippery cartilage that covers the ends of bones where they form joints. It reduces friction and absorbs shock.
Synovial Fluid: A lubricating fluid found within joint cavities, that reduces friction and facilitates movement.
Ligaments: Tough bands of tissue that connect bones to other bones, and stabilize joints.
Tendons: Tough cords of tissue that connect muscles to bones, and allow movement.
Muscles: Tissues that contract to produce movement and support the skeleton.
Joints: Points where two or more bones meet, allowing movement and facilitating load distribution.
"Bone tissue is made up of different types of bone cells. Osteoblasts and osteocytes are involved in the formation and mineralisation of bone; osteoclasts are involved in the resorption of bone tissue."
"It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity."
"The mineralised matrix of bone tissue has an organic component of mainly collagen called ossein and an inorganic component of bone mineral made up of various salts."
"In the human body at birth, there are approximately 300 bones present."
"Leaving a total of 206 separate bones in the adult, not counting numerous small sesamoid bones."
"The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh-bone."
"The smallest is the stapes in the middle ear."
"The Greek word for bone is ὀστέον ('osteon')."
"Osteoblasts and osteocytes are involved in the formation and mineralisation of bone; osteoclasts are involved in the resorption of bone tissue."
"Other types of tissue found in bones include bone marrow, endosteum, periosteum, nerves, blood vessels, and cartilage."
"Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have complex internal and external structures. They are lightweight yet strong and hard and serve multiple functions."
"Modified (flattened) osteoblasts become the lining cells that form a protective layer on the bone surface."
"Bone tissue is mineralized tissue of two types, cortical bone and cancellous bone."
"Osteoclasts are involved in the resorption of bone tissue."
"Bones protect the various other organs of the body."
"It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity."
"The mineralised matrix of bone tissue has an organic component of mainly collagen called ossein and an inorganic component of bone mineral made up of various salts."
"Bones...enable mobility."
"In anatomical terminology, including the Terminologia Anatomica international standard, the word for a bone is os."