"The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life."
This topic covers the structure of cells, including their organelles and functions, as well as the various types of tissues and their roles in the body.
Cell types and their functions: An examination of the various types of cells in the human body and how they contribute to our overall health and wellbeing.
Cell structure and organelles: An exploration of the different structures and components that make up a cell and how they work together to carry out various functions.
Cell membranes and transport: An analysis of the role of cell membranes in controlling the movement of molecules in and out of cells, and how different transport mechanisms work.
Cellular metabolism: A study of the biochemical processes that occur within cells, including energy production, synthesis of macromolecules, and other metabolic pathways.
Cell signaling and communication: An overview of how cells communicate with one another via various signaling pathways, and the importance of this communication in coordinating cellular activity.
Cellular respiration: A deeper dive into the process of cellular respiration, which involves the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP, the main energy currency of cells.
Cell growth and division: A look at how cells grow and divide, including the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis.
Cell differentiation and specialization: An examination of how cells become specialized to carry out specific functions, and how this differentiation occurs during development.
Tissues and organs: An exploration of how cells work together to form tissues and organs, and the importance of these structures in maintaining overall bodily function.
Organ systems: An overview of the different organ systems in the human body, including the digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems, and how they work together to support life.
Cell membrane: It separates the contents of the cell from its external environment and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
Nucleus: It contains DNA and controls the cell's activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction through protein synthesis.
Mitochondria: These are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production by converting food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): This is a network of folded membranes within the cell that assists in the production of proteins and lipids.
Golgi apparatus: It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport to other parts of the cell or secretion outside the cell.
Lysosomes: These are responsible for digesting and recycling cellular waste and biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
Peroxisomes: These are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances in the cell.
Cytoskeleton: This is a network of protein filaments that provide structural support and shape to the cell.
Cilia and flagella: These are hair-like projections on the cell surface that help in movement and/or sensing the extracellular environment.
Vacuoles: These are membrane-bound sacs that store and transport substances such as water, ions, and nutrients in the cell.
"Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites."
"The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'."
"Cells can acquire specified function and carry out various tasks within the cell such as replication, DNA repair, protein synthesis, and motility."
"Most plant and animal cells are only visible under a light microscope, with dimensions between 1 and 100 micrometres."
"Electron microscopy gives a much higher resolution showing greatly detailed cell structure."
"Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell such as bacteria) or multicellular (including plants and animals)."
"It has been estimated that the human body contains around 37 trillion (3.72×1013) cells."
"The human brain accounts for around 80 billion of these cells."
"The study of cells and how they work has led to many other studies in related areas of biology, including: discovery of DNA, cancer systems biology, aging and developmental biology."
"Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665."
"[Robert Hooke] named them for their resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery."
"Cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells."
"Cells emerged on Earth about 4 billion years ago."
"The study of cells and how they work has led to many other studies in related areas of biology, including: discovery of DNA, cancer systems biology, aging and developmental biology."
"Cells are capable of specialization and mobility within the cell."
"Cells can acquire specified function and carry out various tasks within the cell such as DNA repair, protein synthesis, and motility."
"Most unicellular organisms are classed as microorganisms."
"Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites."
"Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane."