- "Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels."
This topic covers the different types of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, angina, heart attack, and stroke, as well as their causes and treatments.
Heart anatomy and function: A detailed study of the structure and function of the four chambers, valves, and blood vessels of the heart.
Vascular anatomy: A study of the anatomy and function of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Cardiac cycle: The series of events that occur during each heartbeat, including systole and diastole, and the electrical conduction system of the heart.
Blood pressure: The force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Coronary circulation: The circulation of blood in the coronary arteries, which supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.
Atherosclerosis: The build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries, which can lead to blockages and heart disease.
Hypertension: High blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for heart disease.
Arrhythmia: Abnormal heart rhythms, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and bradycardia.
Congestive heart failure: A condition in which the heart does not pump blood as well as it should, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body.
Cardiomyopathy: A disease of the heart muscle, which can result in heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac arrest.
Heart valve disease: A condition in which one or more of the heart valves does not function properly.
Peripheral artery disease: A condition in which the arteries outside the heart and brain become blocked or narrowed, leading to decreased blood flow to the limbs.
Pulmonary embolism: A blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries, which carry blood from the heart to the lungs.
Thrombosis: The formation of a blood clot in an artery or vein, which can cause a heart attack or stroke.
Lipid metabolism: The breakdown and transport of fats and cholesterol in the body, which can contribute to heart disease.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease: Including age, gender, genetics, lifestyle factors (such as smoking and diet), and underlying medical conditions (such as diabetes and kidney disease).
coronary artery disease: Coronary artery disease is a condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients, leading to reduced blood flow and potential heart complications.
heart failure: Heart failure is a condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention.
heart valve disease: Heart valve disease refers to the malfunction or damage of one or more valves in the heart, impeding the normal flow of blood and potentially leading to serious complications.
arrhythmia: Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an abnormal heart rhythm, which can cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly.
pericardial disease: Pericardial disease refers to the condition involving inflammation, infection, or structural abnormalities in the pericardium, the membrane surrounding the heart.
congenital heart disease: Congenital heart disease refers to structural defects in the heart or major blood vessels present at birth.
- "CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes: coronary artery diseases (e.g. angina, heart attack), stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, abnormal heart rhythms, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis."
- "This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor sleep, among other things."
- "It is estimated that dietary risk factors are associated with 53% of CVD deaths."
- "Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females."
- "High blood pressure is estimated to account for approximately 13% of CVD deaths."
- "In the United States, 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD."
- "The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80."
- "Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s."
- "It is estimated that up to 90% of CVD may be preventable."
- "Prevention of CVD involves improving risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke, and limiting alcohol intake."
- "Treating risk factors, such as high blood pressure, blood lipids, and diabetes, is also beneficial."
- "Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat."
- "The use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit."
- "Together CVD resulted in 17.9 million deaths (32.1%) in 2015, up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990."
- "Tobacco accounts for 9% of CVD deaths."
- "Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults."
- "Lack of exercise accounts for 6% of CVD deaths."
- "Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis."
- "Diabetes accounts for 6% of CVD deaths."