"Journalistic ethics and standards comprise principles of ethics and good practice applicable to journalists."
Understanding the media's role in promoting social responsibility, diversity, and fairness.
Ethics and morality: The study of what is right and wrong behavior and the principles that underpin ethical decision making.
Business ethics: The application of ethical principles in the business world, including issues such as fair trade, workplace diversity, and corporate responsibility.
Media law: The legal framework governing the media and its functions, including the protection of free speech and press freedoms, intellectual property rights, and privacy.
The role of media in society: An analysis of the impact of media on culture, politics, and the economy.
Journalism ethics: The standards for responsible and ethical journalism, including accuracy, impartiality, and fairness.
Advertising ethics: The ethical considerations related to advertising and its impact on consumer behavior.
Social media and online ethics: The ethical considerations related to the use of social media, including privacy concerns, cyberbullying, and fake news.
Corporate social responsibility: The ethical practice of corporations to consider the well-being of society and the environment in their business operations.
Environmental ethics: The moral principles concerning the impact of human beings on the natural environment.
Global ethics and responsibility: The responsibility of individuals and organizations to take into consideration the global implications of their actions, particularly in developing countries.
Professional Responsibility: This type of social responsibility applies to individual journalists who are expected to uphold professional standards and ethics while carrying out their duties.
Institutional Responsibility: This type of social responsibility refers to the obligation of media organizations to adhere to ethical standards and to set policies and guidelines to ensure that all their employees act in accordance with those standards.
Social Responsibility: This type of media ethics refers to the extent to which media organizations are accountable to society for the content they produce and disseminate to the public.
Cultural Responsibility: Cultural responsibility refers to the responsibility of media organizations to respect and promote cultural diversity and to avoid promoting stereotypes or demeaning certain cultures.
Economic Responsibility: Economic responsibility refers to media organizations' responsibility to operate in a financially sustainable manner while still upholding ethical standards and producing quality content.
Legal Responsibility: Legal responsibility refers to the obligation of media organizations to operate within the boundaries of the law and to avoid breaking any laws that may result in legal consequences.
Environmental Responsibility: Environmental responsibility refers to the responsibility of media organizations to consider the impact their operations have on the environment and to take steps to reduce any negative impact.
Political Responsibility: This type of social responsibility refers to the responsibility of media organizations to provide fair and balanced coverage of political events and to avoid becoming biased or partisan in their reporting.
Consumer Responsibility: This type of social responsibility refers to the responsibility of media organizations to protect the privacy and rights of their consumers and to avoid engaging in any practices that may compromise or violate those rights.
Community Responsibility: Community responsibility refers to the obligation of media organizations to engage with their local communities and to promote social, economic, and cultural development within those communities.
"Most share common elements including the principles of truthfulness, accuracy and fact-based communications, independence, objectivity, impartiality, fairness, respect for others and public accountability."
"There are around 400 codes covering journalistic work around the world."
"Like many broader ethical systems, the ethics of journalism include the principle of 'limitation of harm'. This may involve enhanced respect for vulnerable groups and the withholding of certain details from reports."
"The names of minor children, crime victims' names, or information not materially related to the news report."
"There has also been discussion and debate within the journalism community regarding appropriate reporting of suicide and mental health."
"Some European codes include a concern with discriminatory references in news based on race, religion, sexual orientation, and physical or mental disabilities."
"The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe approved (in 1993) Resolution 1003 on the Ethics of Journalism."
"Resolution 1003 recommends that journalists respect the presumption of innocence, in particular in cases that are still sub judice."
"The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements by professional journalism associations and individual print, broadcast, and online news organizations."