Quote: "Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction."
Exploring the principles and limitations of free speech and press.
The First Amendment: This is the constitutional amendment that guarantees freedom of speech and press in the United States.
Types of Speech: This topic covers different types of speech such as commercial speech, hate speech, political speech, and symbolic speech.
Limits to Free Speech: This topic covers the circumstances in which freedom of speech and press can be limited, including time, place, and manner restrictions, incitement, and defamation.
Prior Restraint: This is the government's power to stop speech or publication before it occurs. It covers issues such as censorship, licensing, and content control.
Obscenity and Indecency: This topic covers the regulation of sexually explicit material and how it is defined under the law.
Freedom of Speech and Social Media: This topic covers the limitations and challenges to free speech on social media platforms.
The Role of the Press in Democracy: This topic covers the importance of a free press in a democratic society and the challenges journalists face in reporting on government and other powerful entities.
Anonymous Speech: This topic covers the right to anonymous or pseudonymous speech, the challenges of identifying anonymous speakers, and the protection of whistle-blowers.
Free Speech and National Security: This topic covers the tensions between free speech, press freedom, and national security concerns such as censorship and access to government information.
International and Comparative Law: This topic covers the different legal frameworks around the world concerning free speech and press freedom.
Academic Freedom: This is the right of academics and researchers to engage in research and express their findings without fear of censorship or retaliation.
Artistic Freedom: This is the right of artists to express their creative ideas through their artistic work without fear of censorship, restraint, or retaliation.
Press Freedom: Also known as media freedom, it is the right of journalists to report news and information accurately, fairly and without fear of censorship or retaliation. This includes the freedom to investigate and report on public officials and corporate entities.
Religious Freedom: This is the right of individuals to have their religious beliefs and practices without interference, restraint or persecution.
Political Freedom: This is the right of individuals to express their political views and engage in public debate without fear of censorship or retaliation.
Commercial Free Speech: This is the right of businesses and corporations to engage in commercial speech, such as advertising, without undue government interference or censorship.
Social Media Freedom: This is the right of individuals to express their opinions and ideas through social media platforms without fear of censorship, restraint, or retaliation.
Quote: "The right to freedom of expression has been recognized as a human right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights law by the United Nations."
Quote: "Terms like free speech, freedom of speech, and freedom of expression are used interchangeably in political discourse."
Quote: "However, in a legal sense, the freedom of expression includes any activity of seeking, receiving, and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used."
Quote: "Article 19 of the UDHR states that 'everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference' and 'everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds."
Quote: "Therefore, may not be recognized as being absolute, and common limitations or boundaries to freedom of speech relate to libel, slander, obscenity, pornography, sedition, incitement, fighting words, hate speech, classified information, copyright violation, trade secrets, food labeling, non-disclosure agreements, the right to privacy, dignity, the right to be forgotten, public security, and perjury."
Quote: "Justifications for such include the harm principle, proposed by John Stuart Mill in On Liberty."
Quote: "The idea of the 'offense principle' is also used to justify speech limitations, describing the restriction on forms of expression deemed offensive to society."
Quote: "With the evolution of the digital age, application of freedom of speech becomes more controversial as new means of communication and restrictions arise, for example, the Golden Shield Project, an initiative by Chinese government's Ministry of Public Security that filters potentially unfavorable data from foreign countries."
Quote: "The Human Rights Measurement Initiative measures the right to opinion and expression for countries around the world, using a survey of in-country human rights experts."