"Journalistic ethics and standards comprise principles of ethics and good practice applicable to journalists."
Examining the ethical obligations of media organizations to correct errors and hold themselves accountable.
Standards of Professional Conduct: This topic concerns the ethics and conduct expected of professionals in the field of corrections and accountability. It covers principles such as honesty, fairness, and professionalism.
Media Law: This involves understanding the legal frameworks that govern media operations, including privacy laws, defamation, and access to information.
Media Ethics: This is the study of what is morally right or wrong in the media, including issues such as objectivity, bias, and conflict of interest.
Reporting Responsibilities: This involves understanding what is expected of journalists and other media professionals when it comes to reporting on criminal justice issues.
Media Relations: This concerns the relationship between the media and the correctional system, including how correctional facilities communicate with the media and how the media cover issues related to corrections.
Criminal Justice Policies: This topic concerns the policies and procedures that govern the criminal justice system, including the role of the media in shaping or reporting on these policies.
Corrections & Alternative Sentencing: This topic involves understanding how correctional institutions function and how alternative sentencing options can be used to reduce the number of inmates.
Investigative Reporting: This involves learning how to conduct investigations on issues related to accountability and corrections such as wrongful conviction, abuse of inmates, and prison gangs.
Ethics of Punishment: This topic concerns the ethical considerations of how society punishes criminals, including the use of imprisonment, capital punishment and other forms of correction.
Journalistic objectivity: This involves understanding what it means to be objective in reporting, as well as the different ways that bias and conflict of interest can emerge in media reporting related to corrections and accountability.
Corrections: This is a process in which a media outlet acknowledges and corrects errors in their reporting. Corrections can involve retracting or revising a story, publishing errata, or making clear statements of correction in follow-up reporting.
Retractions: This is a process in which a media outlet withdraws a story or an element of a story that has been proven to be incorrect. Retractions typically involve acknowledging and apologizing for the error and detailing what was inaccurate.
Apologies: This refers to a statement made by a media outlet expressing remorse for any harm caused by inaccurate or unethical reporting. These statements may be in response to complaints or may be voluntarily offered by the outlet.
Fact-checking: This is a process in which journalists verify the accuracy of information in their reporting. This process can involve researching sources, double-checking figures and data, and seeking expert opinions.
Editorial oversight: This refers to the process of reviewing and approving content before it is published or broadcast. Editorial oversight may involve fact-checking, ethical considerations, and other quality control measures.
"Most share common elements including the principles of truthfulness, accuracy and fact-based communications, independence, objectivity, impartiality, fairness, respect for others and public accountability."
"There are around 400 codes covering journalistic work around the world."
"Like many broader ethical systems, the ethics of journalism include the principle of 'limitation of harm'. This may involve enhanced respect for vulnerable groups and the withholding of certain details from reports."
"The names of minor children, crime victims' names, or information not materially related to the news report."
"There has also been discussion and debate within the journalism community regarding appropriate reporting of suicide and mental health."
"Some European codes include a concern with discriminatory references in news based on race, religion, sexual orientation, and physical or mental disabilities."
"The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe approved (in 1993) Resolution 1003 on the Ethics of Journalism."
"Resolution 1003 recommends that journalists respect the presumption of innocence, in particular in cases that are still sub judice."
"The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements by professional journalism associations and individual print, broadcast, and online news organizations."