"In media studies, mass communication, media psychology, communication theory, and sociology, media influence and the media effect are topics relating to mass media and media culture's effects on individuals' or audiences' thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors."
The impact that media has on individuals and society, including psychological, social and cultural consequences.
Media Effects: This topic covers the various ways in which media can influence individuals, groups, and society as a whole.
Agenda Setting: This topic explores how the media can shape public opinion by choosing what news to cover and how to present it.
Framing: This topic examines how the media can influence the way people view events and issues by the way they present them.
Cultivation Theory: This topic examines how media exposure can gradually influence an individual's beliefs and values, particularly those related to violence, crime, and the role of gender.
Social Learning Theory: This topic explores how individuals can learn new behaviors and attitudes through media exposure, particularly through modelling and imitation.
Uses and Gratifications: This topic examines the various reasons why people seek out and consume media, including entertainment, information, social connection, and identity formation.
Cognitive Theory: This topic explores the way in which media messages are processed and interpreted by individuals and how these processes can be influenced by factors such as prior knowledge, cognitive biases, and emotion.
Third-person Effect: This topic explores the tendency for individuals to believe that media messages have a greater effect on others than on themselves.
Political Economy: This topic examines the way in which media ownership patterns and economic structures can influence media content, particularly with regard to news and public affairs programming.
Media Literacy: This topic explores the importance of developing critical media literacy skills in order to interpret and evaluate media messages, particularly in today's digital age where media is ubiquitous and often unregulated.
Agenda Setting Theory: The media influences the public's view on what is important and the topics that should be discussed.
Cultivation Theory: The consistent exposure of certain messages in media can influence an individual's perception of social reality.
Uses and Gratifications Theory: A theory that suggests that individuals use media to gratify specific needs.
Parasocial Interaction Theory: The development of one-sided relationships between individuals and media figures, leading to a perceived sense of friendship or intimacy.
Social Learning Theory: A theory that posits that individuals learn through observation of others' behaviors and the consequences that come from them, including those depicted in media.
Framing Theory: The media influences how an issue is presented or "framed," which can affect the way audiences understand and respond to it.
Reception Theory: A theory that emphasizes the role of the audience, their experiences, and their interpretations of messages.
Semiotics Theory: The study of signs and symbols, and how they are used in media to convey meaning.
Priming Theory: The media can affect how audiences perceive certain issues, leading to changes in attitudes and behaviors.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory: The psychological discomfort that arises when an individual's beliefs and actions contradict one another. The media can perpetuate or alleviate cognitive dissonance in audiences.
"Through written, televised, or spoken channels, mass media reach large audiences."
"Whether a media message has an effect on any of its audience members is contingent on many factors, including audience demographics and psychological characteristics."
"These effects can be positive or negative, abrupt or gradual, short-term or long-lasting."
"Not all effects result in change; some media messages reinforce an existing belief."
"Researchers examine an audience after media exposure for changes in cognition, belief systems, and attitudes, as well as emotional, physiological and behavioral effects."
"The influences of mass media (or 'media effects') are observed in various aspects of human life, from voting behaviors to perceptions of violence, from evaluations of scientists to our understanding of others' opinions."
"The overall influence of mass media has changed drastically over the years, and will continue to do so as the media itself develops."
"In the new media environment, we have dual identities - consumers and creators. We not only obtain information through new media, but also disseminate information to wide audiences."
"Thus, it is important for physicians to discuss with parents their child's exposure to media and to provide guidance on age-appropriate use of any media, including television, radio, music, video games, and the Internet."
"Bryant and Zillmann defined media effects as 'the social, cultural, and psychological impact of communicating via the mass media'."
"Perse stated that media effects researchers study 'how to control, enhance, or mitigate the impact of the mass media on individuals and society'."
"Lang stated media effects researchers study 'what types of content, in what type of medium, affect which people, in what situations'."
"McLuhan points out in his media ecology theory that 'The medium is the message'."
"Media influence is the actual force exerted by a media message, resulting in either a change or reinforcement in audience or individual beliefs."
"Through written, televised, or spoken channels, mass media reach large audiences."
"Whether a media message has an effect on any of its audience members is contingent on many factors, including audience demographics and psychological characteristics."
"These effects can be positive or negative, abrupt or gradual, short-term or long-lasting."
"Not all effects result in change; some media messages reinforce an existing belief."
"Researchers examine an audience after media exposure for changes in cognition, belief systems, and attitudes, as well as emotional, physiological and behavioral effects."