This subfield investigates the role of global media in shaping governance mechanisms and public policies at the national and international levels.
Media Ownership: This refers to the distribution of media outlets and the individuals or corporations that control the content distributed through those outlets.
Free Speech: This refers to the right of individuals to express their opinions freely without fear of censorship or persecution.
Global Communication Infrastructure: The physical infrastructure, such as fiber optic cables, satellites, and wireless communication technology that allows for the transmission of information across borders.
Media Regulation: The laws, policies, and government frameworks that ensure that the media operates within legal boundaries and ethical standards.
Internet Governance: The policies and frameworks that govern the internet, including issues like net neutrality, online privacy, and digital censorship.
Global Media Markets: The markets in which media products and services are bought, sold, and consumed across countries and regions.
Cultural Imperialism: The idea that dominant cultures impose their values, beliefs, and traditions on subordinate cultures through media and other forms of cultural exchange.
Representation and Stereotypes: How different groups of people are represented in media and the effect that these representations have on attitudes and perceptions of these groups.
International News: The dissemination of news stories and current events across borders, and the role of media organizations in shaping the narrative around these events.
Transnational Media Corporations: Large-scale media companies that operate across borders and control the flow of media content and information.
Digital Divide: The gap between those who have access to digital technologies and those who do not, and the social, political, and economic consequences of this gap.
Media Literacy: The ability to critically analyze and evaluate media content, including issues like bias, propaganda, and misinformation.
Print media: Printed materials such as newspapers, magazines, and books are a traditional form of media that has been around for centuries.
Broadcast media: This type of media includes television and radio programs that transmit information to a broad audience.
Social media: Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram allow individuals to create and share content online.
Digital media: This includes any media that is distributed digitally, including online news sites, e-books, and podcasts.
Advertising media: Advertisements are a form of media designed to persuade people to buy a product or service.
Public relations media: Public relations media is used to manage the public perception of individuals, companies, or organizations. This includes press releases, media releases, and social media management.
Entertainment media: Entertainment media includes movies, television shows, video games, and other forms of media designed to entertain audiences.
News media: News media includes newspapers, news websites, and news broadcasts on television and radio.
Sports media: Sports media encompasses any type of media that covers or highlights sporting events.
The United Nations (UN): The UN is an international organization that promotes peace and security, economic development, and human rights.
The World Trade Organization (WTO): The WTO establishes and enforces rules for international trade to promote free and fair trade among member countries.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF): The IMF aims to promote global economic stability and prevent financial crises.
The World Bank: The World Bank works to reduce poverty and promote economic development in developing countries.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs): NGOs are independent organizations that work to address global issues and promote social justice.
Regional organizations: Regional organizations such as the European Union (EU) and the African Union (AU) work to address regional issues and promote cooperation among member states.
International treaties and agreements: International treaties and agreements such as the Paris Agreement on climate change and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea are legal instruments that facilitate cooperation among nations to address global challenges.