"Colonialism is a practice by which a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement."
The political, economic, and cultural domination of one country over another or others, often based on territorial expansion and exploitation of resources and labor.
The Concept of Colonialism: The history of colonialism, how it began, and its impact on different parts of the world.
Political Economy: The economic factors that influenced the growth of colonialism, such as the expansion of trade and the exploitation of resources in colonized lands.
Race and Ethnicity: The role that racial and ethnic hierarchies played in colonialism and how they were used to justify domination over colonized peoples.
Gender and Sexuality: The impacts that colonialism had on gender and sexuality, including the role of gender in colonial societies, and the impact on women and LGBTQ+ communities.
Postcolonial Theory: An analysis of colonialism's long-term impact on societies, cultures, and individuals, including the effects on values and beliefs.
Resistance and Decolonization: The ways that colonized peoples resisted and challenged colonialism, including political movements such as anti-colonialism and decolonization.
Imperialism: The global political system that enabled colonialism, including its cultural and economic aspects.
Development and Modernization: The relationship between colonialism and the growth of modern capitalist societies, as well as how colonialism affected the implementation of development agendas in colonized lands.
Knowledge Production: The role played by knowledge production in colonialism, including the creation of histories and narratives that justified colonial domination.
Culture and Representation: The ways in which colonizers portrayed colonized peoples, including the impact of orientalism and the exoticization of non-Western cultures.
Hybridity and Creolization: The cultural and linguistic hybridization that occurred in colonized societies, as well as the emergence of new cultural forms and expressions.
Globalization: The contemporary economic process that has roots in colonialism, including how it has affected the relationships between colonizer and colonized peoples.
Colonialism and the Environment: The ecological impact of colonialism, including the exploitation of resources, destruction of indigenous life and ecosystems, and the creation of environmental imbalances.
Education: The role that education played in colonialism, including how it was used to impose Western values and beliefs on colonized peoples.
Internal Colonialism: Refers to the exploitation of a group within a nation by the dominant group. Often, indigenous people within a country are subject to this type of colonialism.
Economic Colonialism: Involves the control of a country's economy by a foreign power. This type of colonialism includes imposing free trade policies, unequal distribution of resources, and control over the markets.
Settler Colonialism: Refers to the movement of people from one country to another and their settlement on foreign soil. Settler colonialists often use force, violence, and law to control the land and the indigenous people who live on it.
Imperialism: Is the practice of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.
Technological Colonialism: Is the imposition and control of technology by one country over another.
Linguistic Colonialism: Refers to the imposition of one language or dialect over another.
Cultural Colonialism: Involves the imposition of one culture over another. In other words, it is a type of cultural domination that occurs when one culture is perceived as superior to others.
"Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word 'Colonus', which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire."
"Colonialism has existed since ancient times."
"The concept is most strongly associated with the European and Japanese empires."
"Starting in the 15th century and extending to the mid-1900s."
"At first, conquest followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy."
"Agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country)."
"By the mid-19th century."
"Missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian."
"Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe."
"By 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe."
"Colonial powers retreated between 1945 and 1975; over which time nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations."
"The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but the system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
"The system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
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