"Concentration of media ownership (also known as media consolidation or media convergence) is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media."
This subfield focuses on who owns and controls media outlets and how this ownership affects media content and representation.
Media Ownership: This refers to the concentration of media outlets and the power that is wielded by these entities in the media industry.
Critical Race Theory: This is a theoretical framework that examines the role of race and racism in society and seeks to understand how these factors affect various aspects of life, including media representation.
Media Studies: This field focuses on the analytical study of media, including its production, consumption, and impact on society.
Corporate Media: This refers to media outlets that are owned by large corporations, which may influence the content that is produced and consumed.
Independent Media: This refers to media outlets that are not owned by large corporations and may be more likely to offer alternative perspectives on news and events.
Media Bias: This refers to the tendency of media outlets to favor certain political or ideological perspectives in their reporting.
Media Consolidation: This refers to the trend of media companies merging or acquiring other media outlets, leading to a smaller number of companies controlling larger portions of the media market.
Media Democracy: This refers to the idea that the media should be accessible to and controlled by the public, rather than monopolized by a small group of corporate interests.
Intersectionality: This is a theoretical framework that examines the ways in which various forms of oppression, such as racism, sexism, and homophobia, intersect and interact with one another.
Representation: This refers to the ways in which various groups are portrayed in the media, including their portrayal in news stories, movies, and television shows.
Ownership Diversity: This refers to the importance of having diverse ownership in the media industry to prevent monopolistic control by a small number of entities.
Media Literacy: This refers to the ability to critically analyze media messages and understand the ways in which media may be biased or manipulative.
Individual ownership: This refers to media that is owned and controlled by a single individual.
Family ownership: This refers to media that is owned and controlled by a family.
Corporate ownership: This refers to media that is owned and controlled by a corporation.
State ownership: This refers to media that is owned and controlled by the government.
Public ownership: This refers to media that is owned and controlled by the public, such as community radio and television stations.
Cooperative ownership: This refers to media that is owned and controlled by a group of individuals who have collaborated to create and sustain the media.
Non-profit ownership: This refers to media that is owned and controlled by a non-profit organization.
Indigenous ownership: This refers to media that is owned and controlled by Indigenous peoples.
Minority ownership: This refers to media that is owned and controlled by racial, ethnic, or religious minorities.
Advocacy ownership: This refers to media that is owned and controlled by an advocacy group or organization with a specific agenda or mission.
"Contemporary research demonstrates increasing levels of consolidation, with many media industries already highly concentrated and dominated by a very small number of firms."
"Globally, large media conglomerates include Bertelsmann, National Amusements (Paramount Global), Sony Group Corporation, News Corp, Comcast, The Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Discovery, Fox Corporation, Hearst Communications, Amazon (MGM Holdings Inc.), Grupo Globo (South America), and Lagardère Group."
"As of 2022, the largest media conglomerates in terms of revenue are Comcast, The Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Discovery, and Paramount Global."