"In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids—liquids and gases."
Fluid dynamics is the study of how fluids flow and the physical properties of fluid in motion such as density, pressure, and temperature.
Fluid properties: This topic covers the physical and chemical properties of fluids like viscosity, density, surface tension, and compressibility.
Continuum mechanics: The study of the behavior of fluids at a larger scale, assuming that fluids are continuous and the properties of individual particles are averaged out.
Fluid statics: The study of fluids at rest and the response of fluids to external forces.
Fluid dynamics: This topic covers the study of fluids in motion and the forces acting on them based on their velocity, pressure, and density.
Bernoulli's equation: This is a fundamental equation that relates the pressure, velocity, and height of a fluid in a horizontal flow.
Navier-Stokes equation: These are the equations that describe the motion of fluids and are used to understand many fluid dynamics problems.
Viscosity: This topic covers the resistance of a fluid to shear stress and its effect on fluid flow.
Boundary layers: The thin layer of fluid at the surface of an object in motion is studied in boundary layer theory, as it has a significant influence on lift and drag.
Reynolds number: The ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces in a fluid flow, which is used to determine the flow regime.
Turbulence: This is the chaotic flow of a fluid caused by irregularities in the flow, which are studied in turbulence theory to understand the behavior of fluids in this regime.
Fluid mechanics of applications: This topic covers many real-life applications of fluid mechanics, such as aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and fluid-structure interactions.
Computational fluid dynamics: The use of computer simulation and modeling techniques to solve mathematical equations describing fluid flows, which is a rapidly growing field in fluid dynamics.
Aerodynamics: The study of how air flows around objects and how it affects the motion of objects in the air, such as airplanes.
Hydrodynamics: The study of how fluids, such as water, flow and behave under various conditions, such as in rivers, oceans, and pipes.
Magnetohydrodynamics: The study of the interaction between magnetic fields and electrically conducting fluids, such as the plasma found in the sun and other stars.
Multiphase flow: The study of the behavior of fluids when they contain more than one phase, such as the flow of oil and gas in pipelines.
Turbulence: The study of the chaotic, unpredictable behavior of fluids when they are in motion, such as the flow of air around buildings and bridges.
Computational fluid dynamics: The use of computer simulations to model and analyze the behavior of fluid flows in complex systems, such as aircraft engines and weather patterns.
Rheology: The study of how materials deform and flow under the influence of applied forces, such as the flow of molten lava or the behavior of plastics during manufacturing processes.
Non-Newtonian fluid dynamics: The study of fluids that do not obey the classical laws of fluid mechanics, such as blood or paint.
"It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion)."
"Fluid dynamics has a wide range of applications, including calculating forces and moments on aircraft, determining the mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines, predicting weather patterns, understanding nebulae in interstellar space and modelling fission weapon detonation."
"Fluid dynamics offers a systematic structure—which underlies these practical disciplines—that embraces empirical and semi-empirical laws derived from flow measurement and used to solve practical problems."
"The solution to a fluid dynamics problem typically involves the calculation of various properties of the fluid, such as flow velocity, pressure, density, and temperature, as functions of space and time."
"Before the twentieth century, hydrodynamics was synonymous with fluid dynamics."
"This is still reflected in names of some fluid dynamics topics, like magnetohydrodynamics and hydrodynamic stability, both of which can also be applied to gases."
"In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics..."
"The study of air and other gases in motion."
"The study of liquids in motion."
"calculating forces and moments on aircraft"
"determining the mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines"
"predicting weather patterns"
"understanding nebulae in interstellar space"
"modelling fission weapon detonation"
"empirical and semi-empirical laws derived from flow measurement"
"Fluid dynamics offers a systematic structure"
"flow velocity, pressure, density, and temperature"
"as functions of space and time"
"used to solve practical problems"