"Intersectionality is an analytical framework for understanding how a person's various social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and privilege."
The interconnectedness of different social identities and related oppression, acknowledging that a person is not solely defined by their gender or sexual identity alone.
Race: Examining how race intersects with sexuality and/or gender identity to create unique experiences and challenges for marginalized communities.
Gender Identity: Analyzing the experiences and challenges that queer people face based on their gender identity, whether that identity is binary or non-binary.
Sexual Orientation: Understanding the roles that sexual orientation play in the experiences and challenges of queer individuals, including both heteronormativity and homophobia.
Class: Analyzing the intersection of economic class with sexuality, gender identity, and other social identities.
Disability: Recognizing the unique challenges faced by queer individuals with disabilities and exploring the ways in which disability intersects with other facets of identity.
Immigration Status: Identifying the ways in which immigration status affects the experiences of queer immigrants and refugees.
Language: Examining how language and communication can impact the lived experiences of queer individuals, particularly for those whose native language is not English.
Religion: Analyzing how religious beliefs and practices intersect with queer identities and how religion can either be affirming or hostile to queer communities.
Body Size: Understanding how body size intersects with gender and sexuality to create unique opportunities and challenges for queers.
Age: Exploring how age differentially affects the experiences and challenges faced by queer individuals throughout their lives, including both childhood and adulthood.
Family Structure: Recognizing the different ways in which queer individuals form and experience family structures.
Intersex Variants: Recognizing the variety of intersex variants and how this can impact the experiences and challenges of queer individuals.
Sexual Behavior: Examining the ways in which sexual behaviors intersect with identity and how different sexual behaviors are valued and stigmatised by society.
Politics: Understanding the political movements and activism that have shaped queer literature and how political contexts impact queer identities and experiences.
Mental Health: Recognising the impact of stigma and discrimination on queer individuals' mental health and how this may affect their experiences and identities.
Queer feminism: It is a type of intersectionality that highlights the intersection of gender and sexuality in individuals' lives, focusing on issues of gender and sexuality oppression, and the struggle of LGBTQ+ people, focusing on women and non-binary individuals.
Queer of color critique: It is an approach that critiques the ways in which race, gender, and sexuality intersect and perpetuate power dynamics of oppression, colonization, and imperialism, especially in the context of people of Color.
Trans studies: It is a branch of Intersectional Queer literature that examines the lived experiences of trans people and interrogates the ways in which gender and sexuality intersect to shape the oppression and experiences of trans people.
Dis-ability studies: It is a type of intersectionality that highlights the experiences of people with disabilities, recognizing the ways in which their lived experiences of marginalization and oppression intersect with queer identities.
Queer diaspora studies: It is an approach that analyzes the lived experiences of queer individuals who are members of a diasporic community, considering their experiences of colonization, displacement, and assimilation in the context of queer identity.
Queer ecology: It refers to the intersection of environmentalism and queerness, exploring the ways in which ecological problems are also queer problems and recognizing the ways in which environmental degradation intersects with queer identity.
"Examples of these factors include gender, caste, sex, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, religion, disability, weight, and physical appearance."
"These intersecting and overlapping social identities may be both empowering and oppressing."
"Intersectional feminism aims to separate itself from white feminism by acknowledging women's differing experiences and identities."
"The term intersectionality was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989."
"Intersectionality opposes analytical systems that treat each axis of oppression in isolation."
"In this framework, for instance, discrimination against black women cannot be explained as a simple combination of misogyny and racism, but as something more complicated."
"Intersectionality engages in similar themes as triple oppression, which is the oppression associated with being a poor or immigrant woman of color."
"Criticism includes the framework's tendency to reduce individuals to specific demographic factors, and its use as an ideological tool against other feminist theories."
"Critics have characterized the framework as ambiguous and lacking defined goals."
"As it is based in standpoint theory, critics say the focus on subjective experiences can lead to contradictions and the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"However, little good-quality quantitative research has been done to support or undermine the theory of intersectionality."
"An analysis of academic articles published through December 2019 found that there are no widely adopted quantitative methods to investigate research questions informed by intersectionality."
"The analysis ... provided recommendations on analytic best practices for future research."
"An analysis of academic articles published through May 2020 found that intersectionality is frequently misunderstood when bridging theory into quantitative methodology."
"In 2022, a quantitative approach to intersectionality was proposed based on information theory, specifically synergistic information."
"In this framing, intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome (e.g. income, etc.) that can only be learned when multiple identities (e.g. race and sex) are known together."
"Intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome [...] that can [...] not [be] extractable from analysis of the individual identities considered separately."
"Critics [argue] the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"Intersectionality broadens the scope of the first and second waves of feminism, [...] to include the different experiences of women of color, poor women, immigrant women, and other groups."