Quote: "Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society."
A social construct that categorizes people based on physical characteristics like skin color, hair type, and facial features.
Colonialism: The process by which European powers established colonies in other parts of the world, exploiting resources, and subjugating peoples.
Imperialism: The practice of extending a nation's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or economic domination.
Slavery: The practice of owning human beings as property, typically for forced labor.
Racism: Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against people of a different race based on the belief in the superiority of one's own race.
Decolonization: The process by which formerly colonized nations gain independence and establish their own governments.
Postcolonialism: A theoretical framework that examines the cultural, social, and political effects of colonization and imperialism.
Identity: A sense of self or belonging that is shaped by culture, race, gender, and other factors.
Diaspora: The dispersion of a people or culture from their homeland.
Hybridity: The blending of different cultural influences or identities.
Intersectionality: The interconnected nature of social identities (such as race, gender, and class) and their impact on individual experiences of oppression and privilege.
Nationalism: A political movement that seeks to promote the interests of a particular nation or people.
Globalization: The increasing interconnectedness of the world through economic, cultural, and technological exchange.
Postmodernism: A cultural, literary, and philosophical movement that challenges traditional ideas of truth, meaning, and knowledge.
Orientalism: A way of representing the cultures and people of the East as exotic, primitive, or backward.
Othering: The process of defining oneself as superior by defining others as different or inferior.
White: This refers to individuals of European descent who have historically held social, economic, and political power in the colonial world.
Black: The term is typically used to describe people of African descent, who have been historically marginalized and oppressed within colonial and postcolonial societies.
Indigenous: This refers to the native peoples of a particular region whose land and cultural practices have been impacted by colonization.
Asian: This generally refers to people from countries in Asia, and can encompass a range of ethnicities, including Chinese, Indian, Korean, and Vietnamese, among others.
Mixed-Race: This refers to individuals with parents of different racial backgrounds, and who may navigate cultural and societal complexities related to their identity.
Middle Eastern: This encompasses individuals hailing from countries in the Middle East and North Africa, and who may face particular forms of discrimination related to their religion, ethnicity, and national origin.
Latinx: This term is used to encompass individuals from Latin America and/or of Latin American descent, who have experienced different forms of colonialism and racism throughout history.
Quote: "The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations."
Quote: "By the 17th century, the term began to refer to physical (phenotypical) traits, and then later to national affiliations."
Quote: "Modern science regards race as a social construct, an identity which is assigned based on rules made by society."
Quote: "While partly based on physical similarities within groups, race does not have an inherent physical or biological meaning."
Quote: "The concept of race is foundational to racism, the belief that humans can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another."
Quote: "Social conceptions and groupings of races have varied over time, often involving folk taxonomies that define essential types of individuals based on perceived traits."
Quote: "Modern scientists consider such biological essentialism obsolete, and generally discourage racial explanations for collective differentiation in both physical and behavioral traits."
Quote: "Scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways."
Quote: "Others in the scientific community suggest that the idea of race is inherently naive or simplistic."
Quote: "All living humans belong to the same subspecies, Homo sapiens sapiens."
Quote: "Since the second half of the 20th century, race has been associated with discredited theories of scientific racism."
Quote: "Race has become increasingly seen as a largely pseudoscientific system of classification."
Quote: "Race has often been replaced by less ambiguous and/or loaded terms: populations, people(s), ethnic groups, or communities, depending on context."
Quote: "Its use in genetics was formally renounced by the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in 2023."
Quote: "Folk taxonomies define essential types of individuals based on perceived traits."
Quote: "While some researchers continue to use the concept of race to make distinctions among fuzzy sets of traits or observable differences in behavior..."
Quote: "Still others argue that, among humans, race has no taxonomic significance because all living humans belong to the same subspecies, Homo sapiens sapiens."
Quote: "Race has become increasingly seen as a largely pseudoscientific system of classification."
Quote: "The use in genetics was formally renounced by the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in 2023."