"Colonialism is a practice by which a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement."
The practice of acquiring political and economic control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
Colonialism: The practice of acquiring political and economic control over foreign lands and peoples.
Imperialism: The process of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.
Neocolonialism: A form of economic and political domination over weaker countries by stronger ones, often through unequal trade agreements and debt indebtedness.
Postcolonialism: A theoretical framework that examines the social, cultural, and political effects of colonialism and imperialism, particularly after the former colonized countries gain independence.
Decolonization: The process of achieving independence and self-rule for formerly colonized countries, often involving struggles for political and economic autonomy.
Orientalism: A set of cultural and intellectual practices that construct the East (Asia, Middle East, Africa) as a passive, exotic, and inferior "Other" to the West (Europe).
Subaltern studies: A field of inquiry that examines the political and cultural agency of marginalized groups, particularly in the context of postcolonial societies.
Hybridity: A concept that describes the mixing and blending of cultural traditions and identities, often as a result of colonialism and globalization.
Creolization: The process of cultural mixing and exchange that occurs when different groups come into contact and form new, hybrid cultural practices.
Diaspora: The dispersion of people from a common homeland to different locations around the world, often as a result of forced migration and colonialism.
Double consciousness: A term coined by W.E.B. Du Bois that describes the split identity experienced by Black Americans between their African and American heritage.
Colonial discourse: The ways in which colonial powers constructed and represented the colonized peoples and cultures through language, literature, and other forms of cultural production.
Indigeneity: The identity and rights of native or Indigenous peoples, often related to resistance to colonialism and struggles for self-determination.
Globalization: The process of increasing interconnectedness, integration, and interdependence among countries and peoples, often driven by economic and technological factors.
Intersectionality: A framework that examines how different social identities and systems of oppression (such as race, gender, class, sexuality) intersect and interact with each other.
Economic Colonialism: It refers to the exploitation of the resources, labour and wealth of a colony by a metropolitan power for its benefit. The colonizer accumulates profits and leaves the colonized country impoverished.
Cultural Colonialism: It involves imposing the values, customs, and beliefs of the colonizer on the colonized, which creates a cultural hierarchy, and marginalizes the indigenous cultures’ peoples.
Settler Colonialism: It involves the displacement of the indigenous population and replacement with a new population from the colonizer's country. This practice was prevalent in the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand.
Political Colonialism: It is the domination of a colonized state by a foreign power who controls all facets of governance. This leads to the impoverishment of the native population, political instability, and resentment towards the colonizer.
Neo-Colonialism: It refers to the continuation of colonialism by a former colonizer through indirect political, economic or cultural influence without directly governing the colony.
Internal Colonialism: It involves the exploitation of minority ethnic groups within a nation-state. The dominant ethnic group exploits the minority population and limits access to resources, education, and power.
Anti-Colonialism: It is the resistance towards the colonial project by the colonized population. This can take the form of protests, revolts or armed rebellion.
Post-colonialism: It involves the study of how the colonial past has shaped the present, and how the colonized decolonize their minds economically, culturally and politically.
Decolonization: It involves the process of undoing the impacts and structures of colonialism, reclaiming the indigenous cultures, and empowering the colonized population.
"Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word 'Colonus', which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire."
"Colonialism has existed since ancient times."
"The concept is most strongly associated with the European and Japanese empires."
"Starting in the 15th century and extending to the mid-1900s."
"At first, conquest followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy."
"Agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country)."
"By the mid-19th century."
"Missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian."
"Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe."
"By 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe."
"Colonial powers retreated between 1945 and 1975; over which time nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations."
"The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but the system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
"The system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
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