"Critical race theory (CRT) is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to analysing how laws, social and political movements, and media shape, and are shaped by, social conceptions of race and ethnicity."
Analyzes the intersection of race, power, and hierarchy in literature and culture.
Systemic Racism: The concept of racism embedded in social, economic, and political systems.
Intersectionality: Theory that describes how different systems of oppression, such as racism, sexism, and homophobia, intersect and interact with each other.
White Privilege: The unearned benefits and advantages that white people experience solely because of their skin color.
Racial Formation: The process through which a society constructs its ideas of race and racial categories.
Stereotyping: The generalization and oversimplification of individuals based on a group characteristic, such as race or ethnicity.
Microaggressions: Subtle and often unintentional actions or comments that communicate a negative message toward a marginalized group.
Colorism: Discrimination based on skin color, including the preference for lighter skin tones.
Diaspora: The dispersion of a group of people from their original homeland or culture.
Immigration and National Identity: The relationship between immigration policies and the formation of national identity.
Cultural Appropriation: The act of borrowing or adopting aspects of another culture, often done by members of a dominant culture.
Whiteness Studies: The study of the history, culture, and identity of white people, with a critical lens.
Colonialism and Postcolonialism: The impact of colonial expansion and its aftermath on cultures and societies.
Identity Formation and Representation: The ways in which individuals and groups construct their identities and the role of representation in shaping those identities.
Globalization and Multiculturalism: The impact of global economic and cultural forces on local cultures and identities.
Social Justice and Activism: The importance of action and social change in response to issues of inequality and discrimination.
"CRT also considers racism to be systemic in various laws and rules, and not only based on individuals' prejudices."
"The word critical in the name is an academic reference to critical thinking, critical theory, and scholarly criticism, rather than criticizing or blaming individuals."
"CRT is also used in sociology to explain social, political, and legal structures and power distribution as through a 'lens' focusing on the concept of race, and experiences of racism."
"A key CRT concept is intersectionality—the way in which different forms of inequality and identity are affected by interconnections of race, class, gender, and disability."
"For example, the CRT conceptual framework examines racial bias in laws and legal institutions, such as highly disparate rates of incarceration among racial groups in the United States."
"Scholars of CRT view race as a social construct with no biological basis."
"One tenet of CRT is that racism and disparate racial outcomes are the result of complex, changing, and often subtle social and institutional dynamics, rather than explicit and intentional prejudices of individuals."
"CRT scholars argue that the social and legal construction of race advances the interests of white people at the expense of people of color, and that the liberal notion of U.S. law as 'neutral' plays a significant role in maintaining a racially unjust social order."
"CRT began in the United States in the post–civil rights era, as 1960s landmark civil rights laws were being eroded and schools were being re-segregated."
"CRT, a framework of analysis grounded in critical theory, originated in the mid-1970s in the writings of several American legal scholars, including Derrick Bell, Alan Freeman, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Richard Delgado, Cheryl Harris, Charles R. Lawrence III, Mari Matsuda, and Patricia J. Williams."
"CRT draws from the work of thinkers such as Antonio Gramsci, Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, and W. E. B. Du Bois, as well as the Black Power, Chicano, and radical feminist movements from the 1960s and 1970s."
"Academic critics of CRT argue it is based on storytelling instead of evidence and reason, rejects truth and merit, and undervalues liberalism."
"Since 2020, conservative U.S. lawmakers have sought to ban or restrict the instruction of CRT education in primary and secondary schools, as well as relevant training inside federal agencies."
"Advocates of such bans argue that CRT is false, anti-American, villainizes white people, promotes radical leftism, and indoctrinates children."
"Advocates of bans on CRT have been accused of misrepresenting its tenets."
"Advocates of bans on CRT have been accused of... having the goal to broadly silence discussions of racism, equality, social justice, and the history of race." Note: Due to the length and complexity of the passage, not every question may have an explicit quote matching it exactly. However, the selected quotes provide relevant information related to the study questions.