"Neurodiversity is a proposed framework that argues there is intrinsic diversity in human brain function and cognition..."
Recognizing and valuing diversity in human cognitive functioning and neurological experiences, including neurodivergent individuals.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A group of developmental disabilities that can affect communication, social interaction, and behavior, with varying levels of severity.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A neurodevelopmental condition that affects a person's ability to pay attention, control impulses, and regulate behavior.
Dyslexia: A reading disability that affects a person's ability to read and comprehend written language.
Sensory processing disorder (SPD): A condition in which the brain has difficulty processing information from the senses, leading to difficulty with sensory integration.
Intellectual disability (ID): A condition in which a person has significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
Tourette syndrome: A neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics.
Giftedness: A condition in which an individual demonstrates exceptional intellectual ability, creativity, and talent.
Executive functioning: A set of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage a person's ability to plan, organize, and complete tasks.
Psychiatric disabilities: A range of mental health conditions that affect an individual's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Neurodivergence: A term used to describe individuals who have neurological differences that affect their social, communication, and cognitive abilities.
Social skills: The ability to communicate effectively and interact appropriately with others.
Accommodations: Adjustments or modifications made to an environment, instruction, or activity, to enable individuals with disabilities to participate fully.
Stigma: Negative attitudes or beliefs about individuals with disabilities that can create barriers to inclusion and participation.
Self-advocacy: The ability to speak up for oneself and seek support to meet one's own needs.
Inclusion: The practice of creating environments and opportunities that are welcoming and accessible to all individuals, regardless of their abilities.
Brain plasticity: The ability of the brain to adapt and change in response to new experiences and learning.
Universal design for learning (UDL): A framework that emphasizes the importance of creating instructional materials and environments that are accessible to all learners.
Intersectionality: The recognition that individuals can experience multiple forms of discrimination and oppression based on their identities and experiences.
Identity-first language: A language preference that emphasizes a person's identity or neurodiversity, rather than focusing on their disability.
Strength-based approach: A perspective that focuses on an individual's abilities and strengths, rather than their limitations or deficits.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction, and behavior.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A disorder that affects attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity.
Dyslexia: A learning disorder that affects reading and writing.
Dyspraxia: A motor planning disorder that affects coordination and movement.
Tourette Syndrome: A condition that causes involuntary tics and vocalizations.
Dyscalculia: A learning disorder that affects math ability.
Nonverbal Learning Disorder (NVD): A condition that affects spatial awareness, social skills, and nonverbal communication.
Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD): A condition that affects the way the brain processes sensory information, leading to sensory over- or under-responsiveness.
Giftedness: A high level of intellectual ability.
Synesthesia: A condition in which stimuli in one sensory modality evoke sensations in another; for instance, hearing colors.
Developmental Coordination Disorder: A motor coordination disorder that causes difficulties with movements such as running or jumping.
Social Communication Disorder: A disorder that affects communication skills, including understanding and using language, social interaction, and behavior.
Bipolar Disorder: A mental illness that causes extreme mood swings, from episodes of mania to severe depression.
Borderline Personality Disorder: A mental illness characterized by unstable emotions, behavior, and relationships.
Schizophrenia: A mental illness that affects a person's ability to think, feel, and behave clearly.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): An anxiety disorder that causes unwanted thoughts, rituals, and compulsive behaviors.
Anxiety Disorders: Mental illnesses that involve excessive worrying, fear, and other symptoms that interfere with daily life.
Depression: A mood disorder that causes feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A mental illness that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.
Down Syndrome: A genetic disorder that causes intellectual disability, physical growth delays, and distinctive facial features.
"...certain things currently classified as mental disorders are differences and disabilities but are not necessarily pathological."
"The framework grew out of the autism rights movement..."
"...and builds on the social model of disability..."
"...arguing that disability partly arises from societal barriers, rather than attributing disability purely to inherent deficits."
"It instead situates human cognitive variation in the context of biodiversity and the politics of minority groups."
"Some neurodiversity advocates and researchers argue that the neurodiversity paradigm is the middle ground between strong medical model and strong social model."
"...opponents arguing it risks downplaying the suffering associated with some disabilities..."
"...partly arises from societal barriers..."
"...it risks downplaying the suffering associated with some disabilities..."
"...it instead situates human cognitive variation in the context of biodiversity and the politics of minority groups."
"...differences and disabilities but are not necessarily pathological."
"The framework grew out of the autism rights movement..."
"...disability partly arises from societal barriers, rather than attributing disability purely to inherent deficits."
"It calls for the acceptance of things some would wish to be treated."
"The neurodiversity paradigm is the middle ground between strong medical model..."
"The neurodiversity paradigm is the middle ground between...strong social model."
"...arises from societal barriers..."
"...it risks downplaying the suffering associated with some disabilities..."
"...human cognitive variation in the context of biodiversity and the politics of minority groups."